22 I- Gustav Eisen : 



also rnaking other démonstrations proper to a man on horseback." 

 They mentioned likevise the names of various soldiers „which made 

 it evident that these words were not pronounced casually, especially 

 as the were recognized by those présent." 



According to the missionaris (Except Junipero Serra who had 

 a favorable opinion of all Indians) these Indians, which Cabrillo, 

 Viscaino, Costansó and Vancouver hâve praised in no uncertain term, 

 were the most degraded among human beings. They desired nothing eise 

 than to lie on their stomach and do nothing, while morally they rated 

 even below the animais. „Those who are interested in learning more 

 of the Indians of the mainland can do no better than to peruse the 

 account given by Boscana in his „Chinigchinch . This history of the 

 Acagchemen nation contains about one hundred pages, the contents 

 of which are already too Condensed to be further Condensed hère. Bos- 

 cana treats both of religious and civil usages of the Indians of his 

 mission, but he sees every thing only from the standpoint of the 

 priest. 



Indián Remains. 



The remains of the island Indians as well as of those on the main- 

 land consist principály in shellheaps or kitchenmiddings. These 

 shellheaps are numerous on ail the islauds as well as on the shores 

 of the Channel. Many of these shellheaps bave been dug over and 

 the contents extracted in a déplorable and unscientific inanner. Of 

 late years explorers bave been sent out by the University of Cali- 

 fornia, through the munificency of Mrs Ph. A. Hearst and much 

 scientific work has been doně. Much however remains to be done. 



Of the temple on Catalina seen by Viscaino no remains bave 

 been found so far, but on the mainland there are a number of cir- 

 culai' structures, if so they be called, which coincide with the de- 

 scriptions of temples given by Boscana and Viscaino. When the is- 

 lands are better explored we may find them there too. 



The shellheaps on the islands vary in size, the largest one which 

 I saw was not over 300 feet long by fifty feet wide, and perhaps ten 

 feet high. The one on Santa Ptosa from which I extracted the skulls 

 and skeletons presented to your Society, was not over twohundred 

 feet long, and perhaps twenty feet wide, with a height of perhaps ten 

 feet. But there seemed to be a succession of shellheaps, though the 

 others were much smaller. They were situated on the northside of 



