424 



7. Tertiary marine formations ; 8. Trachytic and trap rocks ; 9. Mo- 

 dern volcanic rocks; and 10. Modern aqueous deposits. 



1. Granitic rocks were not observed in situ, but on the authority 

 of M. Fontanier, M. Texier, and other travellers, the loftiest part of 

 Ida, the Mysian Olympus, the range of the Bithynian Olympus, 

 Mount Dindymus, the top of Mount Tmolus, and Mount Latmus are 

 granitic, 



2. Schistose and metamorphic rocks. — This class of formations, con- 

 stituting nearly all the mountain chains, consists principally of mica- 

 schist associated irregularly with beds of marble and quartz rock, 

 and is supposed by the author to be altered clays, earthy limestones, 

 and sandstones. The marble is very generally distributed, but the 

 chief points mentioned in the paper are the quarries in the island of 

 Proconnesus, from which the name of Marmora was given to the 

 neighbouring sea, Broussa, Ephesus, the north and west sides of 

 Mount Olympus, and the valley of the Cayster. The colour is white, 

 gray, or striped, and thin seams of mica often traverse the blocks, 

 giving them a tendency to split into slabs. The quartz rock is in- 

 terslratified with the slate, into which it frequently passes. The strike 

 of the beds commonly coincides with that of the mountain range, but 

 the amount and direction of the dip is said to vary greatly. 



3. Greenstone. — it is with some hesitation that the author gives a 

 distinct place to this rock, as he conceives that it may be of the age 

 of the trachytes. He observed it between Kesterlek and Adrianos, 

 associated, though not clearly, with the mica slate ; and near the 

 village of Eshen he noticed a vein of greenstone traversing a tertiary 

 rock, and therefore believes that the extensive greenstone formation 

 around that village may be tertiary. 



4. Silurian rocks. — A formation of schist and limestone containing 

 many fossils resembling in general character those of the Silurian 

 rocks, was observed on both shores of the Bosphorus north of Con- 

 stantinople. Mr. Strickland stated that the formation would be de- 

 scribed in a separate memoir. 



5. Hippurite limestone and schist, — This term is employed by the 

 author to designate the vast series of limestones, which covers a great 

 area in the South of Europe, and represents in Asia Minor the whole 

 of the secondary formations. On the south side of Lake Apollonia 

 the deposit consists of compact, yellowish, lithographic stone, iden- 

 tical with that of Greece ; at Mount Tartali, on the east of Smyrna, 

 of compact, gray limestone, abounding with large Hippurites, and of 

 greenish schistose sandstone like some of the Italian macignos; on 

 the eastern part of Mount Sipylus, above Magnesia, as well as in the 

 peninsula of Carabornou, and in the island of Scio, it also consists 

 of gray compact limestone ; and at Mount Corax, west of Smyrna, 

 of schistose marls and sandstone apparently devoid of fossils. 



In addition to these localities, Mr. Strickland says, that on the 

 south side of the Hermus, between Ghiediz and Hiishak, he and 

 Mr. Hamilton observed a series of beds consisting chiefly of mica- 

 ceous sandstone finely laminated, and containing occasionally beds 

 of rolled pebbles and soft white limestone j and though the deposit 



