446 



He next states, in addition to the evidences afforded by Mrs. Cal- 

 cot of the change of level produced by the earthquake of 1822, that 

 persons vi'ho escaped on board vessels, remarked that the sen- 

 tries before an old fort on the summit of the hil! over the ruins o^ the 

 town, and previously visible from the feet upwards, had, subsequently 

 to the event, half the body concealed by the fore part of the cliffs*. 

 He also says that the street or causeway, which wound round an old 

 fort, and in 1821 was washed by the sea at every high tide, is now 

 seven feet above the wash of the sea at the high water line of ordi- 

 nary tides. 



In conclusion, Mr. Caldcleugh gave an account of the effects pro- 

 duced by the earthquake of 1835, chiefly from the observations of 

 Capt. Fitzroy, full details of which have been published in the Trans- 

 actions of the Royal Society f and the Royal Geographical Society I. 



The President then announced that he had received from the Fo- 

 reign Office the translation of an article published in the South Ame- 

 rican Journal, El Arancano, by Don Mariano Rivero ; but as none 

 except original communications were read before the Society, he 

 could only state that Don Mariano dissents entirely from the belief, 

 that earthquakes have produced vertical changes of level on the coast 

 of Chili. 



This communication was accompanied by a letter from Col. Wal- 

 pole addressed to Lord Palmerston, an extract from which, read by 

 the Secretary, strongly supported Don Mariano Rivero's views. 



A paper entitled ''Observations of proofs of recent elevation on 

 the coast of Chili, made during the survey of His Majesty's ship 

 Beagle, commanded by Capt. Fitzroy, R.N.," by Charles Darwin, 

 Esq., F.G.S., was afterwards read. 



The subject of recent elevations on the coast of Chili being, in the 

 opinion of many, still open to discussion, Mr. Darwin gives, in this 

 memoir, the results of his own observations. The portion of the coast, 

 more particularly examined by the author, extends from the river 

 Rapel, about sixty miles south of Valparaiso, to Conchali, about 

 eighty miles north of it. 



Close to the mouth of the Rapel, dead barnacles occur adhering to 

 rocks three or four feet above the highest tidal level ; and in the 

 neighbouring country recent marine shells are scattered abundantly 

 to the height of about 100 feet. Ten miles to the north, and at an 

 equal distance from the sea, is the village of Bucalemu, in the neigh- 

 bourhood of which are very extensive beds of recent shells. At the 

 bottom of the great valley of Maypo, and some miles from the coast, 

 marine shells of existing species are also numerous ; and at St. An- 



* In the following page a part of the fort previously invisible is sta- 

 ted to have become visible ; but this apparent discrepancy arises from the 

 observations alluded to by Mr. Caldcleugh having been made from the ship- 

 ping, and those by Mr. Darwin from a point on the land. 



t Mr. Caldcleugh on the Great Earthquake in Chili, 1835. Phil. Trans. 

 1836, p. 21. 



I Sketch of the surveying Voyage of His Majesty's Ship Beagle. Journal 

 Royal Geographical Society, vol. vi. p. 319. 



