639 



and the Otter. Dr. Forcliammer has given us the evidence of recent 

 elevation in the island of Bornholm ; Mr. Trevelyan has given us 

 similar evidence for the coast of Jutland, and the islands of Guernsey 

 and Jersey. 



Mr. Morris's paper, describing a series of dislocations in the chalk 

 cliffs to the south of Ramsgate, marked by shifts in a bed of tabular 

 flint, may perhaps be considered as also affording evidence of violent 

 elevation. But since a small derangement of the conditions of sup- 

 port of any stratum might occasion dislocations of the scale of those 

 here described, it w^ould probably be hazardous to consider them as 

 otherwise than local accidents. 



Among descriptions of the most recent geological pheenomena, I 

 must notice Mr. Clarke's paper on certain peat marshes and sub- 

 marine forests, which occur near Poole in Devonshire ; and in his 

 investigation of the causes which have produced the results now 

 visible, we may see by how easy a gradation descriptive geology 

 passes into the other portion of the subject, the study of the processes 

 by which change is produced. 



Finally, in concluding this survey of our descriptive home geology, 

 I notice, with great pleasure, Mr. Burr's communication of his notes 

 on the geology of the line of the proposed Birmingham and Glou- 

 cester Railway. In a country like this, in which the order and 

 boundaries of the strata are, for the most part, well ascertained, an 

 additional accuracy of measurement, of great value to us, may be 

 supplied by the operations of civil engineers employed on canals, 

 roads, and the like works. With this persuasion, and acting with 

 the advice of the Council, I wrote letters to a great number of engi- 

 neers, begging them to communicate to us the levels and sections 

 which they might obtain in the course of their professional employments ; 

 and I am happy to see so excellent an example as Mr. Burr's paper 

 supplies, of the advantage which may be derived from materials of 

 this class. 



2. Foreign (^South European and Trans-European) Geology. — In pro- 

 ceeding beyond the Alps, and still more as we advance beyond 

 the shores of Europe, we can no longer, so far at least as geo- 

 logists have hitherto discovered, trace that remarkable correspond- 

 ence of the strata of different countries which we can study 

 so successfully in our home circuit. With the mountain masses 



