'with a Description of a New Species. 103 



ber that at the same time Lamarck was in the height of his 

 fame, and in the decline of life (he was 72), while Lamouroux 

 (then 37) was struggling into notice as a professor in a 

 remote provincial town. It seems somewhat unaccountable 

 to me that so many zoologists in succession should have 

 admitted Lamarck's names without a question. This arose 

 from the dates of the two works being the same, and 

 probably Lamarck's being published earlier in the year, 

 since he was careful to put the date of March on his second 

 volume. Naturalists forgot, however, that Lamouroux's 

 genera, were published four years previously in the Bulletin, 

 to which he refers. It is true that Lamarck's definition is 

 much more precise and definite ; but yet he misunderstood 

 these organisms, as he placed them next to Plumularia. 

 His generic definition is as follows : — Polypariiim pliy- 

 toideum, corneum, surculis gracilibus, Jistidosis, ramosis, 

 calyciferis, calyces cylind r >xicei,promimdi,paralleli, seriatim 

 cohcerentes, in massas distinctas vel in spiram continuam 

 dispositi. 



The remarks of Mons. Edwards in the second edition, 

 showing how well he understood these organisms, are as 

 follow : — " These polypi differ very much from the Sertu- 

 lariece CampaMularioe and Plumularice, and appear to me 

 to have the same kind of organisation as Cellularia and 

 Flustra. The tentacles are furnished on each side with a 

 linear series of vibratile cilia, and the mouth opens upon an 

 alimentary canal, which is bent on itself, and curves round 

 so as to terminate on the external side of the orifice which 

 bears the tentacles. Serialaria consequently belong to the 

 Bryozoa." — Op. cit., p. 169.* 



Before concluding this paper I may as well give a general 

 outline of the progress of the knowledge of the Polyzoa 

 from the time of Lamarck. He was followed in the matter 

 of classification by Dr. Auguste F. Schweigger in 1820 

 (Harndbuch der Natwrgescliichte, Leipzig), who made im- 

 portant changes, but not for the best. He unfortunately 

 perished during his zoological explorations in Sicily. The 

 Manual of Natural History of Goldfuss appeared about 

 the same time ; but with few exceptions this was not suc- 

 cessful as an attempt at systematising. Lamouroux's 

 second work, to which reference has often been made, 



*It must not be thought that I wish unduly to exalt Lamouroux. As a 

 systematist he was a failure. See Blainville Manuel d'Acteonologie, p. 54 ; 

 Johnston's Brit. Zooph., second edit., Vol. 1, p, 448. 



