176 Observations of the 



Indeed, the whole evidence is in confirmation of what has 

 been stated by me (Prehistoric Comparative Philology and 

 Mythology. London : Trubner), that under the doctrine of 

 the four worlds, taught in the school of Pergamos, the 

 ancients preserved a knowledge of what was known to their 

 predecessors in Babylon. The Austral world, which in the 

 globe balanced our world, was Australasia, as in the other 

 hemisphere the north and south worlds were JSTorth and 

 South America. 



Thus the knowledge of this intercourse was long lost, 

 until now we can restore a passage of many thousands of 

 years old in the history of Australia. 



Art. XIII. — Observations of the Outer Satellite of Mars 



in 1879. 



By E. J. White, F.K.AS. 



[Read December 4th, 1879.] 



As is now well known, the satellites of Mars were discovered 

 by Professor Hall, of the Washington Observatory, by 

 means of the magnificent refractor of 26 inches aperture, 

 constructed for that establishment by the celebrated makers, 

 Alvan Clark and Son, of Boston. Deimos, the outer 

 satellite, was first seen on August 11th, 1877, and Phobos, 

 the inner satellite, on the 17th of the same month. 



Assisted by the positions furnished by the Washington 

 astronomers, several observers in Europe and America 

 managed to see these minute bodies, which in the most 

 powerful telescopes appear as mere specks of light, with no 

 measurable disc. Estimates, however, of their dimensions 

 have been made from the intensity of their light, from which 

 the diameter of the inner one has been fixed at from ten to 

 forty miles, and the outer one between five and twenty 

 miles. A little time after their discovery the Astronomer 

 Royal, Sir George Airy, announced the fact to us in a tele- 

 gram, and a search was at once instituted with the 4-foot 

 reflector and 8-inch refractor of the Melbourne Observatory, 

 but our efforts were not rewarded with success. 



