SCIE.YCE-GOSSIP. 



PHOTOGRAPHY FOR BEGINNERS. 

 By B. FotncKES-WiNKS, M.R.P.S. 



( Continued from page 350.) 



Section" I. Cameras (continued). 



Bag-changing Cameras. — There are two prin- 

 cipal makes of bag-changing cameras on the market 

 at the present time. They are the " Newman & 

 Guardia " and the " Adams.'' There are several 

 others of minor importance, but as we are dealing 

 more with types of cameras than with each in 

 particular, we shall confine our remarks to these 

 two which cover the whole principle of bag- 

 changing. In the " Newman ic Guardia " changing- 

 box, the plates are inserted in metal sheaths, and 

 then placed in the box, which is constructed to 

 hold twelve plates, or twenty-four cut films. When 

 the box is thus charged, the back is replaced in 

 position, and the box is ready for use. The accom- 

 panying sketch shows the box in this condicion 

 ready to be inserted into the camera. Before 

 making an exposure, it is necessary to draw out the 

 black ebonite shutter, and this can remain with- 

 drawn during the exposure and changing of the 

 whole twelve plates, provided the box is being 

 used in a camera fitted with a self-capping shutter 

 such as is used in the N. iz G. cameras. After an 

 exposure has been made, the plate is changed by 

 means of a lifter (see metal lifter on the back of 

 the box, fig. 1). This lifter raises the plate into 

 the bag. It is then taken hold of by the fingers and 

 drawn right up into the bag and passed over to the 



Fig. 1. NTewjiax & Guabdia Chaxgixg-box. 



front of the box, when it is pushed down in front 

 of the exposed plate. Fig. 2 shows the plate being 

 changed, and just about to be pushed down in 

 front of the exposed plate. There is a travelling 

 partition supplied with each box : this consists of 

 a sheath of aluminium with two springs attached. 

 In filling the box with plates this dividing piece 

 is inserted behind the first plate and in front of 

 the second. This partition travels backwards as 

 the plates are inserted in the front of box, in the 

 process of changing, until it becomes the last 

 sheath in the box. When in this position it in- 

 dicates that all the plates have been changed ; it 

 also serves the purpose of keeping the front plate 



pressed up to the register of the box. There i> an 

 indicator fitted to each box which automatically 

 _rs the number of plates exposed. The 

 changing-box is supplied with all the camera.- 

 made by this firm. The pattern "Special B" is 

 the most popular form, and is made for two and 

 three foci. It is made in three sizes — namely, 

 y-plate, 5x4. and |-plate. and fitted with Zeiss- 

 Satz lenses. The other manufactures are Pattern A 



' 



Fig. 2. >.. &. G. Box, showing Posmox of Plate 



WHEN" CHAXGISG. 



for J-plate only and single focus, fitted either with 

 Wrap's 5^-in. Rapid Rectilinear lens, working at 

 F. 8, or Zeiss's Series II. 5J-in. Anastigmat, work- 

 ing aperture F. 6 3. Pattern B is similar in every 

 respect to Pattern A, except that it is made in 

 5 x 4 size. The " Special B " is made in three 

 sizes, and is fitted only with the Zeiss-Satz lens, 

 and is so constructed that the single lenses 

 may be used at will : thus the Opiate size will 

 allow the three different lenses of the Zeiss-Sa"z 

 Anastigmat being used and give three lenses 

 of the following foci : 5f in., 9 in., and llf in., 

 or the j-plate two foci will give two combi- 

 nations of 5 in. and 9 in. equivalent foci. The 

 5x4 size will give the following combina- 

 tions of the No. 7 Zeiss lens : 6§ in. and 114; 

 in. in the two foci, and 7 in.. 11J in., and 

 13f in. in the three foci. The Special B in the 

 Opiate size will give lenses of the following 

 focal lengths : two foci No. 10, 7£ in. and 13J in., 

 and the three foci, 8| in., 13f in., and 164/ in. 

 Pattern H.S. is a camera specially adopted for 

 hi°rh speed work, and is fitted with the Zeiss. 

 •■ Planar" lens, with a working aperture of F. 3 - 8. 

 In addition to the ordinary shutter this camera is 

 fitted with a focal plain shutter giving exposures 

 from one-half to one-thousandth of a second. In 

 addition to. the above patterns Messrs. Newman i: 

 Guardia make a special camera for J-plate, a twin 

 lens camera in 4-plate and 5x4" size, and a 

 stereoscopic camera, fitted with Goerz lenses. 



The following specification is applicable to all 

 the cameras of this manufacture. The body and 

 front are built separately, and effectually conceal 

 and protect the working parts. There are no pro- 

 jections of any kind. All the parts are arranged 

 in the most convenient position for rapid work, 

 whether used in the hand or on a tripod. Any lens 

 or different lenses can be used, and all the patterns 

 (except one) provide double or even triple exten- 

 sion. There is at all times easy access to the 

 working parts, for the purpose of cleaning etc. 



