10 



JOUBNAL OF HOETICULTUKE AND COTTAGE GAEDENEB. 



I Joly 7, 1870. 



14. Morticing chisel. — To cut both sides at once. 



15. Bradawl. — To drive in and jump ont again. 



16. An improved plaDe. — To keep the mouth always fine. 



17. A machine to straighten wire. — Simple and effective. 



The sulphurator and the mouse traps we have tried, and ean 

 testify are very effective. The traps continue selling at the 

 rate of nearly two thousand weekly ; and we were much amused 

 by the foreman observing that he was with Mr. Pallinger when 

 he first commenced making them, fourteen years since, and he 

 added, " "When we had made six dozen we wondered who'd 

 have 'em." The following is a drawing of the sulphurator and 



§ ,®g§M^^ 



mode of employing it. It is a box fitting on to the nozzle of a 

 common pair of bellows, and so made that every puff of air 

 delivered from the bellows diffuses a cloud of sulphur over the 

 parts of the tree towards which it is directed. — G. 



THE FRENCH HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION. 



{Concluded from page 392.) 



After having seen as far as was stated in the Jonrnal of June 2nd, 

 I naturally enough looked for the bouquets, vegetables, and objects of 

 art. These I found arranged in the arcades at each end cf the Palais. 



Bouquets were not numerous, being confined to two exhibitors only, 

 but were very tastefully arranged ; they consisted of bouquets for 

 weddings, balls, hall, table and drawing-room decoration, the latter 

 built up in vases of fanciful pottery. One very handsome and rich 

 centre-piece consisted entirely of Orchids, and was lovely. A silver- 

 gilt medal was awarded to M. Bernard, 3, Boulevard Malesherbes, and 

 a silver-gilt medal to M. Labronier, 9, Rue de Seze. Both were well 

 worthy of what they gained. 



Exotic fruits were very well represented by one house — viz., that of 

 M. Hediard, 13, Rue Notre Dame de Lorette, Paris, and to whom a 

 silver-gilt medal was awarded for the collection. The principal speci- 

 mens of interest were fresh pods of Yanilla, fresh Dates and Bananas, 

 Pear Oranges, Sweet Lemons (very large) ; also Loquats, or Japan 

 Medlars, the fruit of Eriobotrya japonica; the round bright yellow 

 fruit, about the size of small walnuts, being as produced naturally 

 npon the racemes. The above were all productions from Algeria. 

 Calebasses (or fruit of Crescentia Cujete) came from the Island of 

 Martinique; and collections of dried and preserved fruits, Nuts, &c. t 

 from Guadeloupe, Cochin-China, Havana, Senegal, Spain, and other 

 countries, made the collection very interesting. All the articles were 

 for sale, and although a pretty good trade was kept up, as each article 

 diminished it was replenished from a reserve. 



Vegetables were very few, and quite of secondary merit, a fact 

 rather surprising, for much better could be found in the markets. 

 The awards for what were shown consisted of a silver-gilt medal to 

 M. Petit for six passable Cauliflowers, and a large silver medal to 

 M. Lesbre, Ebreuil (Allier),for a large collection of varieties of old 

 Potatoes. Another collection of Potatoes (new) in sixty-two varieties, 

 was exhibited by a M. Heriollard ; these received a silver medal. 

 Another large silver medal was awarded to M. Dagnaux for a collec- 

 tion numerous in variety, but very poor in quality. Yet another large 

 silver medal, and this was awarded to M\ Entraygnes for a small col- 

 lection, but tolerable in quality ; it consisted of six Tomatoes, a few 

 Ashleaf Kidney Potatoes, Dwarf Kidney Beans, young Turnips, Peas, 

 small green and large yellow Cucumbers, two bundles of Asparagus, 

 a bunch of Radishes, and three Melons. This ends the vegetable 

 part, and now attention will be directed to the objects of art and 

 industry exhibited. But there is something that first attracts atten- 

 tion. What is it? "Wny, some fruit trees. Two Pears, two Apples, 

 two Cherries, two Currants, and two Vines, the whole in pots, trained 

 up spiral columns of galvanised- iron wire, reaching about 2 yards 

 high. The trees shown, as could well be seen, had been trained on 

 this system from their infancy, and had attained three-fourths of the 



height of the columns, had plenty of fruit upon them, and, being sub- 

 jected to pinching, produced a spiral cordon. They were exhibited by 

 the person interested in the sale of the wire columns. The wire was 

 about the size of an ordinary lead pencil. By the side of these trees 

 were two squares planted out with Strawberries and salading, the ground 

 covered with short manure, and one square covered afterwards with 

 earthen tiles, and the other with glass tiles, these being illustrations 

 of how to use the same, offered by the vendor for the purpose of 

 keeping the soil cool and damp for the benefit of the plants cultivated 

 in the summer months. The contrivance has a very clean appearance, 

 as may be supposed, and might be amusing to amateurs, but I doubt 

 it would not answer in large gardens, and, again, must be the meanB 

 of excluding air, which iB so beneficial to the well-being of the plants. 

 Horticultural structures were fairly illustrated by three or four 

 makers with greenhouses lean-to and span-roofed, propagating houses, 

 &c, and were, with only one exception, entirely of iron, and had cur- 

 vilinear roofs, this being at the present day the fashion in France. 

 Melon frames were also plentiful, some with oak frames and iron lights, 

 others all of iron, and, being bolted together at the corners, they can 

 be put up in winter in very small space. Messrs. Lefebvre-Dormois, 

 Rue de Faubourg du Temple, 92, Paris, received a large silver medal 

 for their lean-to, all of iron, which is a very light, airy, and well-made 

 house, but the top part of it is too flat, which occasions drip. Of this 

 I speak from experience, as I have one such house ; the defect could be 

 easily remedied, and then the house would be one of the best forms 

 made. There is a railing at the back for the purpose of attaching the 

 cords, by which the straw mats are drawn up every morning in winter, 

 as it must be understood all houses for horticultural purposes are in 

 France covered with the universal paillassoJi, and this latter is gene- 

 rally made at home. They are a great guarantee against frost, and 

 economise fuel, but cause a great deal of litter, which would not be 

 tolerated everywhere. Another exhibitor, A. F. Maury, 17, Rue du 

 Buisson, St. Louis, had several forms of houses, but received no 

 medal. The houses from this exhibitor illustrated means of giving 

 air by opening seven or eight lights at a time, but would not be an 

 improvement on the winch method used in England, and which has 

 been adopted for many years. The one house built with wood in 

 place of iron was from M. Nattier, 240, Boulevard du Prince Eugene, 

 and was said to illustrate a new system of ventilation, but was merely 

 a slight modification of the well-known lantern. 



Of boilers, five or six exhibitors came forward with various models 

 of different systems, but I am afraid they would come to grief against 

 an ordinary tubular, and especially a duplex. There was to have 

 been a competition of boilers, but after having been postponed twice it 

 did not come off at all. Our English boiler-makers ought to get up a 

 friendly competition, and bring to light honestly and openly what each 

 of their new or old inventions really can do, and at the same time make 

 it international. It would be an interesting addition to next year's 

 Exhibition, and prove of infinite benefit to the horticultural public. 



Cutlery, of French manufacture, was well illustrated by Hardiville, 

 218, Rue St. Jacques, Paris, who received a silver medal for the 

 same. This firm is one of the principal for horticultural cutlery in 

 France. One other exhibitor, Marmure, Faubourg Montmartre, 17, 

 Paris, received honourable mention. 



Ornamental ironwork, such as spring-bottom chairs for gardens 

 garden seats, tables, iron fencing, and ornamental wirework, from the 

 celebrated "TJsme Tronchon/' Avenue d'Eylan, 9, Paris, attracted 

 considerable notice and received a large silver medal. Other exhibitors 

 in this class were M. Borel, 10. Quai du Louvre, Paris, and M. L. 

 Binet, Rue des Arts, 22 et 24, Paris, both of whom have received 

 many medals from time to time. 



Pumps, syringes, water-carts, &c, came from numerous exhibitors, 

 and all of them had points, either good or bad, as compared with old 

 systems. A most interesting part of the Exhibition were the many 

 forms of jets for fountains. I may state that the Perfect "Watering- 

 can, as it is called in the English" advertisements, was exhibited as 

 tube arrosoir by Charles Pfersdorff, horticulteur, inventeur brevete. 

 S.G.D.G., 110, Avenue de Saint Ouen, Batignolles, Paris, and 

 73, South Row, Kensal New Town, and was awarded a silver medal 

 for the same. Are there two inventors ? and which is the right ? 



Plant cases were shown in various forms ; that which claimed most 

 attention was a round case made in three parts, which may easily be 



understood by the accompanying figures. It is made by Fenoglio, 

 1, Rue de Kabylie, 19, Arrondissement, Paris, who has already 



