September 1, 1370. ] 



JOUENAL OF HOBTICULTORE AND COTTAGE GAKDENEB. 



165 



of a tin mine. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, which was said 

 to grow at Cairn Galva, we could not find. 



Oar next halt was at Gurnard's Head, a hold rocky promon- 

 tory stretching due north. Aepleninm lanceolatum had ac- 

 companied us some miles, and once or twice we found it with 

 fronds a foot long, but then only growing in deep insterstices 

 in the walls. When in a favourable position it is dark green, 

 and moBt elegant in habit. To the left of the road down to the 

 beach, having Gurnard's Head on the left, and below a raised 

 platform for boats, we found an immense quantity of large 

 Asplenium marinum, and the most elegant little cave it is 

 possible to conceive. 



A walk of six miles across from Morvah, brought us on the 

 Wednesday evening to our lodgings at Penzance, and the 

 change from north to south of the narrow peninsula was strik- 

 ing. The entire absence of trees and bareness and wildness 

 of the country in the north are oppressive. The cottages have 

 no gardens in front, and, indeed, few anywhere, but gradually as 

 one proceeds south the trees appear dwarfed and lichen-stained 

 at first, the Firs just tufted with a solemn green, their stems 

 and branches almost white ; then, gradually, as a friendly 

 shelter is afforded by a hillside, Oaks and Beech begin to thrive ; 

 and as the warm valleys .on the south open out to the sea, fine 

 timber appears, and orchards loaded with fruit. Immense 

 quantities of Black Currants, and small fruit are grown. Bisp- 

 faerries are iid. a-pint; Gooseberries, Id. "But what about 

 Adiantum capillus-Venpris ? " some of your readers will ask. 

 Well, we found it one spot in great plenty though small. 

 Thousands of young plants grew on the cliff round about. I 

 must let your readers search. There are several places, how- 

 ever, where the graceful fronds nod in mockery from the cliff 



between St. Ives, and there, I had almost said. When, 



however, your readers have searched so long and toilfully, they 

 will be as loth to let the secret out as your obedient servant. — 

 Pencil. 



THE MANUFACTURE OF TAR PAVEMENT. 



Tar pavement may be made of the ordinary cinder-dirt 

 produced in gasworks, of shingle, or of a mixture of both. 

 The material is burnt in heaps like ballast, and when hot 

 is mixed with hot tar. In practice a small fire of coke is made 

 on the ground, and covered with cinder-dirt or shingle. When 

 this layer is hot another is added, and so on in succession 

 until a large-enough heap has been provided. The tar is now 

 boiled in an iron copper, and taken when hot and mixed with 

 the hot material from the heap already described, in quan- 

 tities of two bushels at a time, in about the proportion of one 

 gallon to every bushel of cinder-dirt, and slightly less than a 

 gallon for the gravel. It is turned over and over with the 

 shovel until every part of the material has got a covering of 

 tar. Then the whole is passed through a sieve with f-ineh mash, 

 and part of it through another with }-inch mesh, and put in 

 heaps until required. Indeed, it may be kept for months 

 before being laid down. 



Before the pavement is laid, an edging should be provided 

 about 2 inches thick, and projecting 2 inches above the surface 

 of the ground to be covered, which should be tolerably even. 

 It is advisable to have the ground next the curb well trodden 

 on and rammed before the pavement is laid, otherwise there 

 will be an unseemly hollow next the curb. In laying, the rough 

 stuff is put down first and rolled tolerably firm, then the 

 second quality is put on, then the third, and when the whole 

 has been raked level, a little of the finest material is sifted on 

 through a sieve with J-inch meshes, and a little fine white 

 shingle or Derbysnire spar is sprinkled on the top. The whole 

 must now be well rolled. The best roller is a water ballast 

 roller, which at first is used without ballast, and well wetted to 

 prevent adhesion of the material, and, when the pavement is 

 slightly consolidated, the full weight should be applied. 



For heavy cart traffic the material should be made of shingle 

 only, heated and mixed as above, and well rolled. Both de- 

 scriptions of pavement are laid best and most easily in warm 

 weather, and should be rolled when the sun has warmed it 

 well. Those parts in angles should be well rammed and 

 rimmed off with a light shovel. 



_ Though apparently a simple manufacture, there is a little 

 difficulty in ascertaining the proportion of tar to gravel or 

 cinder-dirt. A little experience will only be necessary in this, 

 as well as in all other manufactures, to enable anyone to carry 

 it out successfully. 



This pavement cannot be spoken of too highly, as it is cheap, ' 



wears well, and can be easily repaired. The colour, which 

 never can be made to equal York flag, and the smell for some 

 time after it is laid, are the only objections to its use ; it can 

 he laid with a good profit in any district at Is. id. per square 

 yard ; and besides being a boon to the public, who muBt other- 

 wise walk on gravel, is a great advantage to gas companies. — 

 (Nature.) 



PORTRAITS OF PLANTS, FLOWERS, AND 

 FRUITS. 



Tillandsia Lvndeniana (M. Linden's Tillandsia). Nat. ord., 

 Bromeliaceas. Linn., Hexandria Monogynia. — This, the largest- 

 flowered of the genus, is a native of Brazil. Flowers violet- 

 blue with white-based petals. — (Bot. Mag., t. 5850.) 



Ctjibidium caualiculatdm (Channelled- leaved Cymbidium). 

 Nat. ord., Orchidaeeas. Linn., Gynandria Monandria. — Native 

 of N.E. tropical Australia. Flowers purplish brown, and green 

 edged, Up white with pink spots. — (Ibid., t. 5851 ) 



Malope malacoides (Barbary Bastard Mallow). Nat. ord., 

 Malvaceae Linn., Monadelpbii Polyandria. — Native of southern 

 Europe and north-western Africa. Flowers rose-coloured with 

 crimson lines.- — (Ibid., t. 5852.) 



Eritrichium nanuh (Dwarf Alpine Eritrichium). Nat. ord., 

 Boraginaceie. Linn., Pentandria Monogynia. — Native of the 

 entire range of the Alps. Flowers bright blue. — (Ibid., 

 t. 5853.) 



Asimina triloba (North-American Papaw or Custard Apple). 

 Nat. ord., Anonaceaa. Linn., Polyandria Polygynia. — Native of 

 tha middle, western, and southern states of North America. 

 Fruit fragrant and eatable. Flowers brown, deeply reticulated. 

 —(Ibid , t. 5854.) 



Cipripediuh candiduh (Small white Lady's Slipper, or 

 Mocasson Flower). Nat. ord., Orchidacera. Linn., Gynandria 

 Diandria.— Native of bogs of New York States, Kentucky, and 

 Wisconsin, and further northward and westward. Flowers 

 white with purple bauds, lip dotted with the same colour. — 

 (Ibid., t. 5855.) 



Tulip— John Henry.— It is white edged with dark purple. 

 " Mr. John Hepworth, of Huddersfield, says—' The Tulip John 

 Henry was raised from seed sown in 1856, the pod having 

 been gathered two years previously from the No. 1 fine strain 

 of that very old favourite Louis XYL, impregnated with a very 

 fine seedling byblcamen breeder. From the same pod of seed 

 I have obtained several other superb seedlings, not yet named.' 

 Mr. Hepworth further states that no bulbs of this variety have 

 as yet been parted with, nor will there be any for distribution 

 before August, 1871, but should the stock at that time amount 

 to one dozen good blooming bulbs of the reotified flower, it will 

 then be in the market at the price of one guinea each bulb. 

 The breeder, whioh in the breeder Btate is also a first-class 

 show flower, will also be sent out at 7s. 6d. each. In case any 

 untoward circumstances should intervene to prevent this num- 

 ber from being obtained by the time stated, the bulbs must be 

 kept back till August, 1872."— (Florist and Pomoloqist, 3 s., 

 hi., 169.) 



LAWN MOWERS. 



I was sorry to read the remarks at page 121 respecting lawn 

 mowers. We have had for nine or ten years one of Messrs. 

 Green's 24-inch machines, and I can safely say I cannot wish 

 for a better machine for lightness and good work. It is worked 

 by two men, who have three acres to keep in order. This 

 machine we send to London once in three years to undergo 

 repairs. 



I am sorry to say we have one of the Archimedean lawn 

 mowers. I have cast it aside after three months' trial, and I 

 cannot make anything of it. The first time I tried it unfor- 

 tunately it came in contact with a small stone, which made a 

 great gap in the revolving cutter. Stones are not in their 

 proper place on lawns, we know, but the keenest eye does not 

 always see them until too late. I hope all those who have tried 

 this new machine will give us their opinion, that we may know 

 if the fault is behind the handles or not ; if it is, we will try it 

 again. I should almost imagine that the 16 inch machine 

 which Mr. Baines has is out of order, if it cause hard work for 

 two men. — Edward Coveny. 



[We think the correspondence relative to the comparative 

 merits of lawn mowers had better oease. We have no doubt, 

 in fact we know, that all those now manufactured do their 

 work well. Which doss it best— that is, which ribs least, re- 



