342 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ October 27, 1«70. 



Wynne. 2. S. Banting. Variegated Yellow.— 1, S. Bunting. 2, Moore & Wynne, 

 Variegated Buff.— I, W. Clark. 2, Moore & Wynne. 



Lizabd.— Ooldspangled.— 1, J. Taylor. 2, S. Bunting. Silver-epan$tea\— 

 1 and % S. Banting. 



Cinwamon (Variegated).— 1, Stephens & Bnrton. 2, Moore & Wynne. 



Mules. — 1, S. Bunting. 3, T. Keys. 



Most Perfect Masked.— 1, S. Bunting. 2, Stevens & Burton. 



Babbits.— Length of Ear.— I, C. King. 2, C. Gravel, Thome. S, J. PrleBtly. 

 Black and White.— 1. C.King. 2 aad he, 3. Lee. Blue and White.— 1 and 2, 

 T. Gelder. he, C. Gravel. Yellow and White— 1, C. King. 2, — Vaughan. 

 he, C. Gravel, c, W. Nixon. Grey and White.— I, T- Gelder. 2, J. Lee. he, 

 C.King; J.Parker, c, E. Rawlinson ; — Vaughan. Tortoiseshell. — 1,C. King. 

 2, J. Lee. he, A. J. Rawstron. e, G. Betts. Self Colour.— 1, G. C. Sykes. 2. 

 C. Gravel. Heaviest.— 1, T. Momby. 2, S. Butterworth. he, — Vaughan. c, 

 C. Gravel. Foreign Variety.—!, E. E. M. RoydB, 2, A. G. Rawstron. he, 

 H. Carwood ; C. Gravel. 



Judges. — Pigeons: Mr. James Smith and Mr. Henry Brown, of 

 WaLkley. Canaries: Mr. George Tuckwood, Nottingham. Rabbits: 

 Mr. Grindley, Sheffield. 



EXPERIMENTS WITH FOUL BROOD. 



I have this autumn been amusing myself with experiments 

 in the way of foul brood, and I regret that some one more able 

 than I am has not taken up the subject, as I find myself in- 

 competent clearly to explain the results of the experiments 

 which I have made. These experiments were undertaken in 

 order to prove the fungoid theory, and to my own satisfaction 

 I have proved it ; but, as I have already said, I am not able to 

 describe them in technical terms, nor to make common terms 

 supply the place of technical ones. I will, therefore, merely de- 

 scribe one experiment, which may, I hope, stimulate otherB. It 

 was my last essay, and was made by taking two half-oupfuls of 

 sweet milk, and impregnating one-half with a modicum of foul- 

 broody matter about the size of a No. 1 lead shot. In twelve 

 hours the one impregnated became sour, and in forty-eight 

 hours the curd was separated from the whey, and in a few 

 hours a fungus like a vinegar plant became visible on the sur- 

 face of the whey. At the end of two weeks it became a very 

 thick gelatinous substance, the curd all this time remaining 

 sweet. At the end of three weeks acetous fermentation and 

 putrefaction set in, and there was visible round the edges a 

 yellow substance, the smell, though stronger, being not unlike 

 that of foul brood, and when viewed through a microscope 

 millions of spores were seen, similar to those of foul brood. 

 The other half-cupful of milk underwent no change further 

 than that which happens in ordinary sour milk. 



These experiments, although they may not instruct your 

 readers, will, I hope, be the means of stimulating others to 

 solve the problem of what at this moment not only threatens 

 to destroy insect but human life. — A Lanarkshire Bee-keepfr 



Post Entries at Canary Shows. — Newcastle has, as maybe 

 seen from our advertising columns, extended the time of making 

 entries. We think it well, as the time between the close of 

 entries and the Show is unusually long. But would it not have 

 been better to have named a reasonable time, and so have ob- 

 viated this necessity ? 



OUR LETTER BOX. 



Batlt's Pills (Isa).— Write to Messrs. Baily, 113, Mount Street, 

 GroBvenor Square, London, W. 



Monmouth Show (T. A. D.).— As the Committee did not think it of 

 Sufficient importance to advertise, we conclude it was not worthy of 

 special notice. Committees may do well to consider this extract from 

 your letter : — " I frequently see in your paper notices of shows that have 

 not been advertised previously, which prevented me from exhibiting 

 many times this season. This I should have done had I known there 

 was a Bhow at such and such places." 



Tunbhidge Wells Poultry Show.— We are informed that the com- 

 mended pen of Spanish chickens belonged to Mr. J. Francis, and not to 

 Mr. Hose. 



Silkies Five-clawed (if. A. F.).— It is not a blemish. So far from it, 

 the five claws are often found on the best specimens. It must be clearly 

 understood, that in showing a pen the birds of which it is made up muBt 

 all have the same number of toes, whether four or five. 



Swelling under a Hamburgh's Eye (Northern Subscriber). — Your 

 bird is suffering from cold, and if neglected this will turn to roup. Wash 

 the face well with cold water and vinegar. Give him Baily's pills, and 

 camphor pills once or twice per day, according to the symptoms. He 

 wants watching cloBely this damp weather, when the symptoms become 

 aggravated quickly. Both hackle and saddle of a Silver-spangled cock 

 should he perfectly clear, but the principal feathers should be tipped with 

 black. 



Rouen Ducks' Plumage (F. G. S. JR.)-— We cannot quite understand 

 your question. All Rouen Ducks should be the colour of wild Ducks 

 and they are always dark. We consider light plumage a defect, and any 

 white is inadmissible, save the ring round the drake's neck ; this should 

 be small. 



Almond Tumblers (A Subscriber).— We cannot recommend anyone. 

 Write to Mr. J. W. Ludlow, Secretary, Columbarian Society, Vauxhall 

 Road, Birmingham, and ask him. Enclose a stamped and directed 

 envelope. 



Fantails Laying and Sitting but not Hatching (J. P. Davies),-^ 

 Your place for your Pigeons is suitable. If the eggs are clear at a week's 

 end. ehlne them up by a candle and you will see ; then it is the male bird's 

 fault— he is too old. This is the moat probable cauBe If the eggs are 

 fertile, they may have rolled from under the hen, or been in some other 

 way chilled. You, of course, make a nice concave nest of straws cut 2 or 

 8 inches long. Bread and potatoes are not fit for staple food for Pigeons, 

 but they peck a little now and then with reliah. Oats are not good either. 



Pole-house for Pigeons (An Old Subscriber). — A pole-house in the 

 middle of a yard, unsheltered from the wind, is an unsuitable abode for 

 Pigeons in the winter, and it would be much better to find out some 

 corner of a loft over a stable, &c. All pole-houses, however situated, arc 

 cruel places to force Pigeons to live in. The birds are scorched to death 

 in the summer, frozen in the winter, and are usually of little profit to the 

 owner, as there is no fit neBt secure against wind and rain in which to rear 

 their young ; while, on the contrary, if but 2 feet deep within a building 

 can be given them, with holes outside to match each division of the 

 inner woodwork, fair success may be looked for, and the birds have a 

 comfortable home. There must be a landing-board outside such build- 

 ing level with every row of holes. 



Turtle Doves (Bullfinch).— They should be entered as British birds. 



Preserving Plums Without Sugar. — Take any kind of plum (if not 

 quite ripe all the better), gather them when dry, wipe each fruit, place 

 them in wide-necked bottles, then tie over the mouth of each bottle two 

 pieces of bladder separately— i.e., at two tyings. Place the bottles in a 

 boiler in cold water up to their necks with bay to keep them from jarring. 

 Boil till the plums begin to swell, say fifteen or twenty minutes, take off 

 the boiler, and let the bottles remain in it till cold, then remove the 

 bottles to a dry closet, where they may remain for one or two years always 

 fresh and good. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS 

 In the Suburbs of London for the week ending October 25th. 









THERMOMETER. 



Wind. 





Date. 



BAROMETER. 



Air. 



Earth. 



Raid 





Max. 



Mln. 



Max. 



Min. 



1 ft. 



2 ft. 





Wed... 39 



29 349 



29.283 



62 



40 



51 



50 



S. 



.46 



Thurs.. 20 



29 448 



29 354 



54 



86 



51 



50 



S.W. 



.16 



Fri.. .. 21 



29.893 



29.776 



61 



86 



51 



50 



N.W. 



.00 



Sat. ... 22 



29.808 



29.500 



61 



47 



52 



50 



S. 



.34 



Snn. . . S3 



29.932 



29 844 



58 



42 



53 



58 



w. 



.20 



Mori. . . 24 



29.424 



29.255 



60 



86 



62 



50 



w. 



•00 



Tues.... 25 



29.450 



29.362 



54 



40 



51 



50 



S.W. 



.00 



Mean.. 



29.618 



29.482 



58.57 



39.57 



61.57 



50.00 



•• 



1.16 



19.— Heavy rain; densely overcast, stormy : boisterous. 



20. — Cloudy; showery; stormy with rain. 



21. — Fine ; very fine ; densely overcast. 



22.— Cloudy but fine ; densely overcast; showery. 



23. — Rain; showery; clear and fine at night. 



24. — Densely overcast ; showery ; brilliant aurora borealis 8 P.M. ; clear 

 and fine. 



25. — Fine but cloudy ; fine ; aurora borealis 6.30 to 8.30 p.m. ; fine and 

 clear. 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— October 26. 

 We have a fair attendance of buyers, but business generally is far from 

 encouraging, there being a great excess in the supply, and prices remain- 

 ing nearly stationary. The Potato trade has improved, and there has 

 been a slight advance in the first qualities. Pears comprise Marie 

 Louise, Glou Morceau, Duchesse d'Angouleme, and Beurre Clairgeau, 

 with inferior varieties ; Apples, Ribston Pippin, Cox's Orange Pippin^ 

 Blenheim Pippin, Kerry Pippin, and Fearn's Pippin. 



FRUIT. 



Apples i Bieve 1 



Apricots doz. 



Chestnuts bushel 6 



Cherries lb, 



Currants £ sieve 



Black do. 



Figs doz. 2 



Filberts lb. 1 



Cobs lb. 1 



Gooseberries quart 



GrapeB, Hothouse.... lb. 2 



LemonB ^-100 10 



MelonB each 1 



s, d. b. d 



s. d. s. 

 Mulberries lb. to 



NectarineB doz. 



Oranges ^100 20 



PeacheB doz. 4 12 



Pears, kitchen doz. 10 2 



dessert doz. 10 3 



Pine Apples lb. 3 5 



Plums i Bieve 16 3 



Quinces doz. 10 



Raspberries lb. 



Strawberries lb. 



Walnuts buBhel 10 16 n 



do -... ^100 10 2 



VEGETABLES. 



Artichokes doz. 



Asparagus ^100 



Beans, Kidney ..^ sieve. 3 



Broad bushel 



Beet,Red doz. 2 



Broccoli bundle 



Brussels Sprouts . . i sieve 8 



Cabbage doz. 1 



Capsicums ^ 100 1 



Carrots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 2 



Celery bundle 1 



Coleworts..doz. bunches 3 



Cucumbers each 



pickling doz. 2 



Endive doz. 2 



Fennel bunch 



Garlic lb. 



Herbs bunch 



Horseradish .... bundle 3 



d. b. 

 OtoO 



Leeks bunch 



Lettuce doz. 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustard & Cress, .punnet 

 Onions buahftl 



pickling quart 



Parsley sieve 



ParBuipB doz. 



Peas quart 



Potatoes bushel 



Kidney do. 



RadiBbes .. doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Savoys.- doz. 



Sea-kale basket 



Shallots lb. 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoes doz. 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Marrows., doz. 



a. s. 

 4 to 

 6 3 

 2 

 

 C 

 

 



1 





 4 

 4 

 

 

 

 

 

 2 

 1 

 



