November 24, 1870. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



407 



The whole thne presents the shape of the object it is meant to 

 represent. The looking over in the autnmn to cut away any 

 irregular growth is really so very little, that the July clipping 

 may be said to be all the Laurels get, and more is not required. 

 A later period of cutting may suit certain places, but this one 

 can find out after the first season, for if cut too early the after- 

 growth is more than is required, and if too late there is not 

 sufficient growth before winter, or what there is may not be 

 ripened. 



To those who have the time and inclination to out Laurels 

 with the knife, I may say that to do so nearly all the shoots 

 below the eye ought to be severed in such a manner that their 

 cut surface may be concealed, and not staring one in the face. 

 A little practice will enable anyone to cut them so as to conceal 

 all the cuts made, the cuts looking downwards instead of up- 

 wards. In this oase no leaves need be cut through, but we 

 have never had time to use the knife. Those who have but 

 little Laurel-cutting to do, and have let the time pass for using 

 the shears aB described, and still wish to have a suitable second 

 growth, had better adopt the knife-and-thumb practice. They 

 will then with a little care make very good work. 



I always treat Box edgings in the same way as the Laurel 

 banks — viz., cutting tbem so as to get a suitable second growth 

 again to stand the winter ; only in the case of the Box-edging I 

 try to get the work done in showery weather if possible, as it 

 becomes very brown if clipped in dry hot weather. The 

 Laurels, however, from their more robust growth withstand the 

 drought better. — J. Robson. 



Fig. 24. 



GROUND LEVELLING AND PRACTICAL 

 GARDEN PLOTTING.— No. G. 



DRAWING PLANS. 



Fig. 24. — Form a square on the diagonal line a e, which is 

 done by bisecting the lines as described in fig. 6. Make line 

 D equal to line A B, which can be done by taking the length 

 of one side of the line a b 

 from the centre, and dot- 

 ting out the same length on 

 each side of the centre of 

 line c d. Then draw the 

 square a d b c. From the 

 sides of the square form 

 isosceles triangles e, /, g, h, 

 which is done by drawing 

 an arc in e with the radius 

 a e ; also with the same 

 radius from c draw an arc 

 cutting the former one in 

 e ; and draw lines ke and 

 c e, as shown by the dotted 

 line. Find angles /, g, and 

 h in the same way. Divide 

 lines a e and c e into two equal parts ; with radii e s, q r, 

 and nm draw the arcs as shown in the figure ; also with radius 

 At draw the arc as shown in t. Then draw the small portion 

 of a straight line between arcs r and r. Draw the other parts of 

 the figure in the same manner. 



Fig. 25 is another application of the square and isosceles 

 triangle. Draw the square and isosceles triangle ae before de- 

 scribed and shown in angle 

 A c and r. Draw the dia- J/^ 

 meter lines e f o h ; from \ f 

 point A, with radius A o, 

 draw arc o until it meets 

 the sideline of the triangle, 

 as shown where the line is 

 cut. From point in, with 

 radius m n, draw arc n, 

 uniting with arc a o where 

 the line is cut, and touch- 

 ing diameter line e g in 

 u. The other parts of the 

 figure are drawn in the 

 same way when centre m is 

 found, so that arc n unites 

 with arc o, and touches 

 the diameter line in u. All that is necessary is to draw a circle 

 from the centre of the square, as shown by the dotted circular 

 line, and cutting point m ; find the distance from u to m, poiot 

 out the same distance on the other side, as shown in point g; 



with radius g b draw aro b, which will unite with the arc drawn 

 from c; and so on, until the figure is complete. 



Fig. 26 is drawn from line a b. Draw line A b any length ; 

 find the centre of the line, as point o ; and on each side of c 

 point off two equal parts, as a a. With radius a b draw arc 6 ; 

 with the same radius from point c, which is where arc a b cuts 



the base line A b, draw arc tl ; with the same radius from e 

 draw arc/; with radius g h draw arc h. Where the arcs drawn 

 from a a cut each other, as shown by the dotted lines, are the 

 centres from which arcs n and o are drawn, as shown by the 

 radii k o and m n. 



Fig. 27 is drawn from rectangle A B c D. The rectangle is 

 found in the following manner :— Draw line da and erect per- 

 pendicular a b. With D as a centre and the radius a b, describe 

 an arc. With b as a centre, and the radius ha, describe another 

 arc, cutting the former one in c. Draw the lines bc and ci, 

 and the rectangle will be complete. Divide line ab into two 

 equal parts, also lines bc, c d, and da. From point e, with 

 radius ef, draw arc/; from p, with radius it, draw arc c ; 

 from g, with radius g a, draw arc h ; and so on with the other 

 sideB. Draw the straight lines as shown between arcs c and f. 



. 27. Fig. 28. 



Fig. 28 is another application of the rectangle. Toe sides 

 are divided into four equal parts, as 1 2 34, and the arcs drawn 

 as shown by radii 1 a and b 2. — 51. O'Donnell, Gardener to E. 

 Leeming, Esq , Spring Grove, Richmond. 



PEAS. 



Recent numbers of the Journal have given us some interest- 

 ing matter on Peas. The subject of Peas seems ever welcome, 

 and there is an old saw amoDgst gardeners, that to have plenty 

 of Peas is never to be scarce of vegetables. If this is not all 

 truth there is much of 'that virtue in it. Transpose the axiom 

 and we see what cannot be denied, that to be scarce of Peas is 

 to be terribly scarce of vegetables. Any information, then, 

 which can ward off this ugly scarcity and insure a better supply 

 and a better selection of this, the most esteemed of summer 

 vegetables, is sure to command attention. 



It may not be profitable, perhaps, to discuss the identity of 

 Ringleader ind First Crop Peas. The fact of both the eminent 

 firms of Sutton and Carter having decided the question, one 

 might think sufficient authority. The fact that other cul- 

 tivators find a difference may reasonably be accounted for in 

 their failing to secure pure stocks of seed. My experience is 

 clearly in favour of the identity. I have grown them side by 

 side, and, indeed, both kinds in the same row, the seed having 

 been procured direct from the respective firms, and it was im- 

 possible to detect the slightest difference in any one point. 



As to the heights of Peas, it would be as w«!l if dealers would 

 banish orthodox heights. First Crop and L-'Xton'a Supreme 



