December 8, 1370. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



447 



The beginner must not be satisfied with his work if it is 

 only "nearly" right; he should try again and again withs 

 increased care, and success will soon attend his efforts. It is 

 evident that the foregoing figures would be of comparatively 

 little use without some definite method for their arrangement 

 in groups, &c. 



The mode described of transferring a single bed to the ground 

 will not be found sufficient for the transference of a well- 

 designed plan. To transfer intricate designs to the ground it 

 is necessary to find the principal points to work from, and other 

 points of reference, which will be explained practically by aid 

 of the following directions more clearly than by any number 

 of mere descriptive words. 



Figs. 29 and 30 are more difficult either to draw on paper 

 or to trace upon the ground than any other of the foregoing 

 examples, but when once the method and practice are clearly 

 understood, difficulties that before appeared a3 mountains to 

 the uniuitiated will soon pass away. 



Fig. 31 is the first example composed of a number of beds, 

 and constituting a 

 complete design. 

 From the figures 

 and instructions 

 already given it 

 will be obvious to 

 any person how to 

 draw the design 

 on paper, but how 

 to transfer it to 

 the ground is not 

 so easily under- 

 stood without 

 some practice. Be- 

 fore beginning to 

 trace a design on 

 the ground, it is 

 necessary to be 

 provided with a 

 line, and two or 

 three pieces of 

 string (whip cord 

 is the best) to use 

 for finding certain 

 points ; also some 

 stakes about 10 or 

 12 inches iong, 

 and about 1 inch 

 thick, some pegs 



5 or 6 inches long 

 of about the same 

 thickness, and a 

 measuring tape. 



To draw and 

 transfer the design 

 to the ground, 

 draw line A B, 

 which is 42 feet 



6 iuches long; de- Fig. 31. 

 scribe the square 



in fig. 7 (page 344) ; draw the diameter 

 lines e f and g h, also the diagonal lines A c and B d ; draw 

 the^ inside square, allowing 4 feet for the width of the beds ; 

 divide the square as in g g, leaving 3 feet for an entrance. 

 From centre o draw circle r, also circles s and f, as shown by 

 the entire and dotted lines, then draw the four angular beds 

 as shown. 



To transfer the design to the ground it is necessary to have 

 the scale at the foot of the plan, or, better still, to have a rule 

 with the scale marked upon it. It is also necessary to have 

 the ground prepared as before described. Insert a stake firmly 

 at point A ; get a line with a loop at one end, and drop the loop 

 over the stake in point A. Stretch the line straight along, say 

 to the length of 50 feet ; fix the line there by means of a peg ; 

 with the measuring tape from stake A measure 42 feet 6 inches 

 on the line to b. Insert a stake at point b. Lay line b c at right 

 angles with line A b, which is done in the following manner : — 

 From the stajce at point b on each Bide measure any two equal 

 distances, as//; insert a peg at each point ; get a strirjg with 

 a loop at one end, drop the loop round one of the pegs, take 

 the other end of the string toward c, double the string round 

 a peg, and trace an arc as in n. Shift the loop to the other 

 peg, and with the same length of string trace an arc cutting 

 the former one ; where the two arcs cut each other is exactly 



perpendicular to stake B. Lay the line from stake e to point n, 

 measure 42 feet 6 inches along the line from stake b, and 

 insert a stake as at point c; get the string and drop the loop 

 round the stake in point A, measure 42 feet 6 inches on the 

 string, which is the length of the side. With the radius of 

 42 feet 6 inches trace an arc as in point d ; shift the loop to 

 stake c, and with the same radius trace another arc, cutting the 

 former one. Where the two arcs cut each other insert a stake 

 as at point d, lay the line from stake c to stake d, and from 

 stake d to stake a, which is the starting point. Then lay a line 

 from stake a to stake c, and from stake b to stake d. These 

 are called diagonal lines ; if these two lines are of equal length 

 the square is perfect ; if not, it must be made so before pro- 

 ceeding farther. 



If the lines on the ground do not correspond with the lines 



on the paper, the plan is of little use ; it will only be a guide, 



and not a working plan, and when traced on the ground it will 



be found the design is crippled and entirely unsatisfactory. 



If the diagonal lines are equal, lay the middle or diameter 



^, . lines E F and G H ; 



where these linea 

 cross each other 

 C is the centre o. 



The outside beds 

 are 4 feet wide, ac- 

 cording to scale ; 

 these are the four 

 corner beds and 

 the four oblong 

 beds. From the 

 stake at point A 

 on each side mea- 

 sure 4 feet, and 

 in each point in- 

 sert a peg as at 

 e, c ; from each 

 peg measure 4 feet 

 inwards, meeting 

 on the diagonal 

 line ; there insert 

 a Btake, which is 

 the inner angle oi 

 the bed. Find 

 the corresponding 

 points in the same 

 manner. The in- 

 side lines can be 

 found by measur- 

 ing 4 feet on each 

 side of Btakes bcd 

 in the same man- 

 ner as from stake 

 a. Lay lines, as 

 from c to d, and 

 from e to g ; where 

 ■p° the lines cross 

 each other are tho 

 inner angles of 

 the four corner beds ; insert a stake at each point, and lay 

 a line from stake to stake. From stake A on the line towards b 

 measure 11 feet 6 inches. Insert a peg as at point a ; from- 

 the last peg measure 3 feet on the same line, and insert a peg- 

 as at h ■ from peg h measure 13 feet 6 inches, and insert a peg .: 

 as at point m ; from the peg at point m measure 3 feet, and 

 insert a peg as at point n ; find the corresponding points on 

 line a and d, also on line d and o, and on line c and b, then 

 lay lines between pegs a a, h h, m m, n n, b b, r r, s s, and 1 1. 

 Thus the eight outside beds are lined, and can be cut out. In- 

 sert a stake in centre o ; from the stake in centre o, with a 

 string 9 feet 6 inches long, trace a circle as shown by the- 

 dotted circle t, insert pegs in the diameter lines e f and g e? 

 where the circle crosses them ; on each side of these pegs 

 measure 18 inches, insert a peg at each point as at u n. From 

 the stake in centre o, with a string 6 feet long, trace circle s as 

 shown ; reduce the Btring 3 feet, and trace the inside circle r, 

 and insert pegs 6 or 7 inches apart. Then lay lines between 

 the pegs in the outside circle, as from u to t and from u to w, 

 and insert pegs about 6 or 7 inches apart in circle s, bearing 

 in mind to have a peg at each angle of the bed. Than lay a 

 line round the pegs, also round the pegs in circle r. On each 

 side of the stake in centre o measure 18 feet 4 inches on the 

 diagonal lines a c and e d, insert a peg at each point, as in 



