498 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ December 22, 1870. 



have adviped doiDg it early in the day, covering with dry soil or charred 

 refuse, giving more sir, and leaving air on for a few nights. Yon have 

 done the nest best thing by covering with soil. We should think the Ferns 

 will spring from the bottom all right, and all the better owing to remov- 

 ing the injured fronds ; and so will tbe Cinerarias, but they will not be 

 so good nor so early. No growing plant will withstand the fumes of 

 ammonia from rank dung. The Pine Apple will endure them better than 

 any plant we know. 



Vine Boeder (A Constant Header).— We should have preferred rather 

 more drainage at the bottom of the border. We would not approve of 

 one layer of fresh dark soil from. a pasture and one equal layer of fresh 

 rank manure from the stables. We should expect the border to sink 

 very unequally, and the Vines, if they succeeded well at first, would be 

 apt to have their roots injured afterwards. 



Vines {West Cumberland). — The Vines are not too old to remove to the 

 front of your house, if you desire to do so. It is a pity to throw away 

 such plants, but it is true that there is some difficulty in managing that 

 variety. If yon do want a change take either Madresfield Court, which 

 is new, or the Royal Ascot, also new. 



Rating Nurserymen's Greenhouses, &c. (J. G.).— We reprint the 

 following as you request : — We are of opinion that a nurseryman's green- 

 houses and his similar structures used exclusively in his trade are not 

 rateable. A nurseryman rents a piece of ground, erects upon it green- 

 houses, and stockB it thoroughly. The parish then endeavours to rate 

 him to the pnors'-rate accordiug to its improved value ; and the question 

 has arisen whether this higher rating is admissible. The question was 

 brought before the Winchester bench of magistrates, and was decided by 

 a majority that the higher rating is not maintainable. They held that 

 greenhouses, unlike other buildings erected by tenants in other trades, 

 do not nttach to the land, hut are always treated in law as ?t*xk in trade, 

 which is clearly not rateable. What Lord Kenyon stated in Penton v. 

 Robart (2 East 90), is so strongly in support of this view ot the case, and 

 is so illumined by that enlightened policy which should influence a de- 

 cision upon this question, that we offer no excuse for its quotation: — 

 " The old cases uyon this subject." said his lordship, " leaned to consider 

 as realty (part of the freehold) whatever was annexed to the freehold by 

 the occupier ; but in modern times the leming has always been the o' her 

 way, in favour of the tenant, in support of the interests of trade, which 

 is become the pillar of the state. What tenant will lay out his money in 

 costly improvements of the land, if he must leave everything behind him 

 which can be said to be annexed to it ? Shall it be said that the great 

 gardeners and nurserymen in the neighbourhood of this metropolis, who 

 expend thousands of pounds in the erection of greenhouses and hothouses, 

 &c, are obliged to leave all these things behind them, when it is notorious 

 that they are even permitted to remove trees, or such as are likely to 

 become so, by the thousand, in the necessary course of their trade ? If 

 it were otherwise, the very object of their holding would be defeated. 

 This is a description of property divided from the realty." Now, if a 

 greenhouse be property divided from the freehold, it cannot, in the case 

 of a nurseryman, be anything but a part of his stock in trade, which, as 

 we have already observed, is clearly not rateable. The bench were not 

 unmindful of the recent decision in the Queen v. Haslarn (Justice of the 

 Peace, xv. 24) ; but they held, though not unanimously, that greenhouses 

 being uniformly treated as part of a nurseryman's stock in trade, ths 

 present was distinguishable from that case. Since the foregoing was 

 written there has been a decsion of the highest court of appeal in Scot- 

 land, determining that a nurseryman's greenhouses and hothouses are 

 removable by him, being only part of his stock in trade. Now tbe poors'- 

 rate is only assessable upon the rent the land would let for, supposing all 

 the stock in trade was removed. Such is our opinion ; but you had 

 better consult an attorney, and have your case placed before a barrister. 

 Poison in Everything (Queen of Roses). — We believe the saying that 

 * ; there is poison in everything" refers to the fact that everything may be 

 eaten in quantities sufficient to injure health ; and when Carrots are 

 excepted, it is because no one could eat them in excess— they do not 

 sufficiently tempt the appetite. If reference is made to the chemical 

 composition of plants, the saying is strictly true, for all plants, Carrots 

 not excepted, contain either sulphuric acid or chlorine, or both, each of 

 which in its nncombined state is a poison. Silphium erytbrocanlon has 

 large yellow flowers, and is suitable for a shrubbery, growing more than 

 S feet high. Cephalaria tatarica is like a gigantic Scabious, with light 

 yellow flowers. There is a fine collection of flowers in the garden you 

 allude to, but we never inquired anything relative to what you mention. 

 Plants for Stove and Greenhouse (Ignoramus). — Stove Plants : 

 Allamanda grandiflora, A. Schotti; Alocasia metallica, Ardisia crispa 

 elegans, Burchellia capensis, Cissus discolor, Clerodendron Balfouri, 

 Croton interruptum, C. variegatnm longifolium, C. pictum ; Cyrtoceras 

 reflexnm. DalechampiaRoezliaua rosea, Dieffenbachia Pearcei, D. Weirii ; 

 Dipladenia amabilis, D. crassinoda magnifica ; Dracsena ferrea, D stricta ; 

 Eranthemum pulchellum, Eucharis amazonica. Euphorbia jacquinise- 

 fiora, Franciscea confertiflora variegata, F. esimia ; Gardenia citriodora, 

 G. fiorida, G. radicans major ; Gesnera exoniensis, G. refulgens; Hoya 

 bella, H. carnosa variegata; Imantophyllum miniatnm, Impatiens Jer- 

 doniae, Ixora acuminata, I. javanica superba, Jasminum gracile varie- 

 gaturn, Lasiandra macrantha, Maranta illustris, M. roseo-picta ; Medi- 

 nilla mignifica, Poinsettia pulcberrima, Rogiera gratissima, Rondeletia 

 epeciosa major, Sanchezia nobilis variegata, Stepbanotis floribunda, and 

 Vinca alba. In the above selection there are some variegated plants. 

 Greenhouse Plants: Acacia armata, A- longiflora magnifica. A. oleifoia 

 elegaus ; Acropbyllum venosum, Aphelexis macrantha purpurea, Boronia 

 Drummondi, Chorozema cordatum splendens, Citrus japonica, C. auran- 

 tium, C. nobilis; Coprosma Baueriana variegata, Coronilla glauca varie- 

 gata, Correa Brilliant, C. epeciosa major, Cyclamen persicum vars., 

 Dracaena australis, Eriostemon intermedium, Eurya latifoliti variegata, 

 Eutaxia floribunda. Genetyllis fuchsioides, Hydrangea japonica variegata, 

 Kalosanthes coccinea soperna, Lapageria rosea, Lilium auratum, Myrtus 

 cornmunis, M. communis angustifolia ; Nerium rubrum plenum, Pimelea 

 decuesata, P. HenderBoni, Polygala Dalmaisiana, Rhododendron jasmini- 

 florum, R. Princess Royal ; Rhynchospermum jasminoides, Statice pro- 

 fusa, Tremandra ericrefolia, Vallota purpurea, Veronica Andersoni varie- 

 gata. Camellias — Alba plena, Bealii, Fimbriata, La Pace, Madame Lebois, 

 Mathotiana, Mrs. Cope, Napoleon III., Rubens, Storyi, Yalteviredo, and 

 Wilderi. Azaleas — Brilliant, Chelsoni, Criterion. Due de Nassau, Etoile 

 de Gand, Extranei, Gledstaneei formosa, Mars, Queen Victoria, Stella, 

 Vesuvius, and Wilhelm Lester. Epacrises — Hyacinthiflora, Lady Pan- 



mure, Viscountess Hill, The Bride, Alba odorata, and Eclipse. Probably 

 we have named too many, but when at the nursery you can select those 

 you like best. For the greenhouse you will need Primulas, Calceolarias, 

 and Cinerarias, but these you can raise from seed. We have not named 

 Gloxinias and Acbimenes for the stove. You will need some of each, 

 and, no doubt, Caladiums. 



Glazing (S. M.).—If you make your grooves deep enough to give from 

 one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch play for expansion at the sides, and 

 with your incline you need not fea' dropping, nor cracking if the glass 

 is nicely cut. 



Mixing Leaves with Farm-tard Dung (J. T. S.).— One ton of farm- 

 yard dung mixed with an equ^l quantity of fresh leaves, if laid up until 

 spring, and turned over twice «r tbr ce. would make a good dressing for 

 strawberries, and may be dug in now for crops of the Cabbage tribe. Of 

 their value separately, there is no question that one ton of the farmyard 

 manure is worth two of the leaves Throw them up in a heap, sprinkling 

 them with water if at all dry, and turn them uver again in about ten 

 days, watering well. They will need another turning in about three 

 weeks, and in about three more they will be fit to put on the land. If 

 you want the manure short, fully three months are required. 



Lawn Patchy (A Constant Reader).— Tour best plan would now be to 

 fill up to the level the holes scratched by tbe poultry, and let the lawn 

 alone until the beginning of April; then raka it over, making sure that 

 the surface is quite even, and sow some grass seeds over the bare places. 

 If the weather is dry roll well, bur if wet leav* it, for if you roll whilst 

 the lawn is wet the grass seeds would probably adhere to the roller, and 

 se be moved from the ba>-e places. If the whole lawn is thin of grass, in 

 addition to sowing thickly over the bare places scatter a few seeds over 

 the rest, say from 12 lbs. to 20 lbs. per acre, along with S lbs. of Trifolium 

 minus. 



Heating with Hot Water (J. Everairts).—V?e think you make a mis- 

 take in dividing the yards by 20 instead of the cubic feet of the building, 

 for then you will find that nearly three times the quantity of piping will 

 be required. We can vouch for the rule being nearly correct as respects 

 glasshouses; but the less the cubic amount of air contained the more 

 piping in proportion should be used. The large conservatory at Chats- 

 worth is heated by dividing the cubic feet of air by 39, and allowing 

 1 foot of 4-inch pipe for evbry 30 cubic feet of air. For a lower house, 

 dividing by 23 would be safer; 30 should be tbe divisor for lean-to 

 houses where a medium of from 55° to 60° is required. When higher 

 temperatures are wanted the divisor should be 29, and down to 18 and 

 lower. Low span roofs would at least require one-third more piping. 

 The rule is given for feet, not yards nor inches. 



Plants in a Room (J. T. IP.).— The Ferns will do tolerably well, and 

 also the ornamental-foliaged plants ; but only near the windows will 

 either long remain healthy. 



Planting Red Currants (J. F. C). — We neither approve of Black, 

 Red, nor White Currants being planted deeply so that their branches are 

 layered, so to speak, in the ground. Larger fruit may be in some cases 

 produced, but it is from tbe new wood that i^ sent up from the base, and 

 these suckers soon become troublesome. We like every bush to have a 

 clear stem, no suckers below the seiting-on of the branches, and we in- 

 variably have fine fruit. We have no doubt that in light soils the plant- 

 ing so as to cover the lower parts of the branches is good, but they soon 

 become little beyond suckers— stools, in fact. 



Heliotropes (Idem). — There are no better dark Heliotropes for bed" 

 ding purposes than the two you name. Monsieur Hamaitre is a fine 

 large purple, fine for winter flowering, and Surprise is a very fine dark 

 sort. H. Voltaireanum we suppose you have. It is a fine dark sort. 



Names of Ferns (Idem . — No. 1 is Nephrolepis davallioides. Theaeria 

 roots extending o^er tbe pot are not a sign of its requiring po'ting though 

 when they are very abundant tbe plant must be growing freely, and would 

 profit by a shift. We have had plants 12 feet across, and fronds over 

 6 feet in length. It was in an 18-inch pot, standing on sandstone rock, 

 over which the aerial roots extended in all directions. Under good cul- 

 tivation it makes a very handsome specimen. Pot it in rough brown 

 peat, with plenty of sand and g:od drainage, and water freely. No. 2, 

 Gymnogramma tartar-ea. 



Names of Fruit (William Kemp).— Pear— %, Beurre d'Aremberg 

 Apples.— 1, Wormsley Pippin; 2. Braddick's Nonpareil: 4, Dumelow's 

 Seedling; 5, Winter Hawthornden ; 7, Antnmu Pearmain ; 8, Wyken 

 Pippin; 13, Norfolk Colman ; 14, Court-pendu-plat ; 15, Eerry Pippin. 

 (Bartholomew Gidley). — a, not known; b, Beurre Bachelier; c, Eldon 

 Pippin; D, Beurre Six; e, Beurre Scbeidweiller; f. Vicar of Winkfield ; 

 G, Beurre Diel (E. W.Russell).— ¥&sse Colmar. (Col. Harcourt).—Glon 

 Morceau. 



Names of Plants (J. W7iittaJcer).—YoiiT Orchid cannot be named unless 

 we see one of its flowers. 



POULTRY, BEE. AND PIGEON CHRONICLE. 



AWARD S-TRT MMING. 



I begeet mnch that ill health prevented my replying to Mr. 

 Hawitt's laBt letter the week after its appearance in these 

 columns; and since then both myself and the Journal have 

 been so much occupied with more pressing matters that I 

 hive not till now been able to do so. 



What strikes mo most throughout Mr. Hewitt's letter, per- 

 haps, is the singular want of a looking at any of the questions 

 spoken of in their real or genera! aspect, but instead thereof 

 dealing with them as if they were entirely personal between 

 him and myself — as if I individually were simply endeavouring 

 to force mora work upon him individually, which he in self- 

 defence was bound to resist. Such was not my intentioD. I 

 did not even wUh or expect to extort from him a second reply 



