October 4, 1877. ] 



JOURNAL OP HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



275 



have been net only more numerous but more important ; and 

 to the introduction from China and Japan of C. patens and ita 

 varieties, of C. lanuginosa, C. Fortunei, and C. Standishii, we 

 must ascribe the vast improvements which wo now see in the 

 Clematis — improvements which are probably unprecedented in 

 the history of any of our popular flowers, when we take into 

 account the number and variety of the acquisitions on the one 

 hand, and the short space of time which has elapsed on the 

 other. Taking them in chronological order, we find that this 

 century gave us in its first decade C. cylindiica, C. triternata, 

 and C. campaniflora, plants now seldom heard of. In the second 

 decade we find recorded C. Simsii and C. reticulata, both rather 

 doubtful plants, and C. chinensis, now never seen. The third 

 decade gave us C. dahurica, C. lineariloba, C. biternata, C. ter- 

 niflora, and C. japonica. C. grata and C. montana were in- 

 troduced in 1831, followed by C. patens, C. Sieboldii, ard C. la- 

 thyrifolia, all in the fourth decade. Then came C. graveolens 

 and C. tubulosa in 1845, and C. Grabami in 1846 ; in 1851 the 

 glorious C. lanuginosa was obtained; in 1854 C. barbellata; and 

 finally, C. Fortunei and C. Standishii in 1863. 



It is from these materials, or rather from a small proportion 

 of the later introductions— C. patens, C. lanuginosa, C. Fortunei, 

 and C. Standishii especially— that the magnificent varieties of 

 Clematis now within reach of cultivators have been obtained. 



PORTRAITS of PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 



Carissa gbandifloea. Nat. ord., Apooynaceae. Linn., Pent- 

 andria Monogynia. — " A very pretty evergreen bush, with 

 white fragrant flowers and deep green leaves, of easy culture 

 in a moderate stove or warm greenhouse during winter, and in 

 a greenhouse or the open air in summer. It is a native of 

 Natal, where it was discovered by Drege, and has been since 

 •collected by Peddie, Krauss, and other travellers. We have 

 also seen specimens from St. Helena, where it is cultivated. 

 Carissa grandiflora was introduced by Cooper when collecting 

 for Mr. Wilson Saunders ; in a note to the herbarium speci- 

 men which he sent home he gives it the native name of 

 ' Amatungula,' adding, 'fruitnsed for jam, tarts, &o.' Harvey 

 states of the African Carissas generally, that the fruit is plum- 

 like and delicious. That of the Indian C. Carandas is eaten 

 both raw and cookod. It flowers in the Palm house at the 

 Royal Gardens in May. It has narrower leaves and much 

 larger flowers than the native specimens and that figured in 

 the ' Refugium,' which has also a greenish corolla, ours being 

 pare white."— (Bot. Mag., t. 6307.) 



Tulipa Obphanidea. Nat ord., Liliaceas. Linn, Hexandria 

 Monogynia.—" For garden purposes this is the finest of all the 

 Tulips of the sylvestris group. It has flowers as large as those 

 of sylvestris itself, but flushed on the outside with red instead 

 of green. It is quite hardy, being an inhabitant of the moun- 

 tains of Greece, at an elevation of from 3000 to 4000 feet above 

 sea level. It has been for some time in cultivation under 

 various names, having been discovered in 1857 on Mount 

 Malevo in Eastern Laconia by Dr. Orphanides, Professor of 

 Botany in the University of Athens, after whom it is named. 

 Our drawing was taken from a plant whioh flowered with the 

 Rev. H. Harpur-Crewe at Drayton-Beauchamp in June of 

 this present year. In its native stations it flowers as early as 

 April, or even the latter end of March."— [Ibid., t. 6310.) 



Notylia albida. Nat. ord. , Orchidaceas. Linn., Gynandria 

 Monandria.— " It is a native of South America, from Mexico to 

 Brazil. This species is one of the largest-flowered ones, though 

 inferior in this respect to some others as it is in colour. 

 Reichenbach well remarks that it resembles an Eria in habit 

 and colour, or a small-flowered Augro3cum. It was discovered 

 by Warscewicz in Central America, and sent by him to the 

 Royal Horticultural Society's gardens many years ago, since 

 which time it has been re-imported by Messrs. Teitch, and 

 first flowered April, 1872, in Messrs. Veitch's nursery."— (Ibid., 

 t. 6311.) 



Mesembryanthemum Coopeei. Nat. ord., Ficoideas. Linn , 

 Icosandria Di-Pentagynia.— " This is a very handsome and 

 free-growing species of Mesembryanthemum, filling a large pot 

 with its blue-glaucous glistening stems and foliage, and 

 bearing a handsome purple flower. It belongs to the Cras- 

 aulina group of the Papulosa division, but differs very much 

 from all previously described species, all of which have very 

 slender stems. Its precise habitat is unknown ; it waB sent by 

 Mr. Cooper when collecting in South Africa for Mr. Wilson 

 Saunders, who, with his usual liberality, presented specimens 

 to Kew, which flower annually in the month of June."— (Ibid., 

 t. 6312.) l 



Tovaeia oleeaoea. Nat. ord., Liliacea. Linn., Hexandria 



Monogynia. — " This is far the most striking of the eighteen 

 Bpecies of Tovaria, a genus better known by its much later 

 name of Smilacina. It is an inhabitant of the temperate 

 region of Sikkim, at an elevation of from 8000 to 12,000 feet 

 above sea level, and, as might be expected, proves to be per- 

 fectly hardy in English gardens. It was gathered first by 

 Griffith, in 1849 by Sir Joseph Hooker, whose sketch made on 

 the spot from the living plant is now in the Kew collection of 

 drawings, and recently by Dr. Treutler and Mr. C. B. Clarke. 

 It is the Smilacina desoribed without a name by the latter 

 gentleman in the account of his journey from Darjeeling to 

 Tonglo, printed in the fifteenth volume of the Journal of the 

 Linnean Society. We owe its introduction into cultivation to 

 Dr. Treutler, who presented some of the rhizomes which he 

 brought home to the Kew collection, where they flowered in 

 the herbaceous ground this present summer. According to 

 Dr. Hooker's note (see his Himalayan journals, vol. ii., p. 48) 

 it is called ' Chokli-bi ' by the natives of Sikkim, and its young 

 flower heads, sheathed in tender green leaves, form an ex- 

 cellent vegetable, and it is to this that the specifio name 

 'oleracea' alludes." — (Ibid., t. 6313.) 



Epidendrum Sophronitis. Nat. ord., Orchidaceaa. Linn., 

 Gynandria Monandria. — " Perhaps the most ourious characters 

 of E. Sophronitis are the broad honeyed area of the lip, and 

 the most singular pale glaucous greenish waxy secretion that 

 clothes both surfaces of the leaves. E. Sophronitis is a native 

 of Loxa in Peru, where it has been collected by Wallis and 

 others. The specimen here figured flowered in the Royal 

 Gardens in May and June of the present year, and was re- 

 ceived from Mr. Linden." — (Ibid., t. 6314 ) 



Ceropegia Barkleyi. — " This is one of many undesoribed 

 species of Ceropegia which seem to abound in the dry regions 

 of South Africa. Ceropegia Barkleyi flowered at the Royal 

 Gardens, Kew, in May of the present year, from tubers sent to 

 H.E. Sir Henry Barkly, K.C B. (late Governor of the Cape 

 Colony), from the Morley mission Btation in the Transkei 

 district, by Mr. Bowker. It is allied perhaps most nearly to 

 C. africana."— (Ibid., t. 6315.) 



Boronia elatior. — " It is a tall shrub with hirsute branches, 

 having pinnate dark green leaves, the flat linear rigid leaflets 

 varying in number from five to thirteen or more. The flowers 

 are axillary and pedunculate, bell-shaped, of a lively rosy-car- 

 mine hue, fragrant and very attractive, profusely decorating 

 the branches. It is, indeed, one of the moBt beautiful of the 

 Boronias, and is, as we learn from the Messrs. Veitch & Sons, 

 by whom it has been introduced to public notice, a plant of 

 remarkably easy cultivation. It was awarded a first-olass 

 certificate when exhibited by them at South Kensington in 

 May, 1876. Boronia elatior is a native of Western Australia, 

 in which colony it is found at King George's Sound, on the 

 Darling Range, and at the Franklin River. It was formerly 

 named B. Bemifertilis by Von Mueller. The colour of the 

 flowers is much richer and more striking than that of the 

 other Boronias already in cultivation."— (Flor. and Pom., 

 3 s., x., 145.) 



DOINGS OF THE LAST AND WORK FOR 



THE PRESENT WEEK. 



HARDY ERUIT GARDEN. 



Our main work has been gathering fruit and storing it for 

 late use. Nearly the whole of the Apples may now be gathered 

 except the very late sorts. There are some sorts too that are 

 not so late in ripening, that are very liable to shrivel if they are 

 gathered from the trees aB soon as the pips change to a brown 

 tinge. Of sorts liable to shrivel may be named Court-Pendu- 

 Plat, Pitmaston Golden Pippin, Mannington's Pearmain, 

 Reinette du Canada, and Foam's Pippin. There may be other 

 sorts, but those named are better to hang on the trees as long aa 

 they will do so without injury. It is rather difficult, too, to 

 know the right time to gather Pears. We usually gather them 

 at intervals of a week or ten days from the same trees, and this 

 prolongB the season in which they are fit for use. It is beet to 

 handle all fruits very carefully intended to keep, placing them 

 one at a time into the baskets and also lifting them out by hand. 

 A little clean hay or straw should be placed in the bottom of the 

 basket into which the fruit is gathered. 



We have already urged the importance of purchasing early in 

 the season all fruit trees intended to be planted, and if the advice 

 has been taken the treeB will be ready to be sent home early in 

 November, which is as early as they ought to be moved, especi- 

 ally as it may be necessary to send them a considerable distance. 

 If the places have not been prepared for them this ought to be 

 seen to before the ground is saturated with the usual rains we 



