October 11, 1877. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



281 



WEEKLY CALENDAR. 



Day Day 



of 1 ol OCTOBER 11—17, 1877. 

 Month Week. ! 



Average 



Temperature near 



London. 



Sun 



Rises. 



Sun 



Sets. 



Moon 

 Rises. 



Moon 

 Sets. 



Moon's 

 Age. 



Clock 

 before 

 Sun. 



Day 



of 



Year. 









Day. Night. 



Mean. 



h. m. 



h. m. 



h. m 











11 



Th 





61.7 



42.4 



52.1 



6 19 



5 14 



0aS5 



7 9 



5 



13 18 



284 



12 



F 





59.2 



4'.4 



50.3 



6 21 



5 12 



1 31 



8 7 



6 



13 83 



285 



13 



g 



Twilight ends 7.4 p.m. 



60.7 



41.8 



51.2 



6 23 



5 10 



2 12 



9 16 



7 



13 47 



286 



14 



Sun 20 Sunday after Trinity. 



59.9 



40.5 



50.2 



6 25 



5 8 



2 40 



10 29 



5) 



14 1 



287 



15 



M | Fire Insurance must be paid. 



59.0 



40.5 



49.8 



6 26 



5 5 



3 1 



11 42 



9 



14 14 



268 



16 



To Valisnerius died, 1730. 



59.0 



40.1 



49.5 



6 28 



5 3 



8 16 



morn. 



10 



14 27 



289 



17 



W 



58.8 



40.7 



49.8 



6 80 



5 1 3 28 1 55 



11 



14 39 



290 



From observations taken near London during forty-three years, 

 41.0=. 



the average day temperature 



of the week is 58.3 P ; and 



its night temperature 



INSIDE versus OUTSIDE VINE BOKDERS. 



EARLY all Grape growers of experience 

 agree that Vines succeed better with their 

 roots in an outside border than under glass. 

 At first this might appear singular, because 

 Vines are generally understood to do much 

 better under artificial treatment in this coun- 

 try than in a natural state, and certainly 

 their roots are growing naturally when run- 

 ning unrestricted in the open ground. Why 

 this difference should exist is an interesting 

 subject, and after considerable experience and thought on 

 the matter I am convinced it is produced by a very plain 

 cause. We will go no further than this season for a com- 

 parison between the two. Look at Vines now with their 

 roots wholly inside and the fruit hanging on the rods. 

 With the idea of improving the flavour of this fruit the 

 border is kept nearly dust-dry. Many of the leaves are 

 changing colour, but not the colour of slow maturity ; 

 they appear rather a3 if shrivelled and scorched. Can 

 this be otherwise than injurious to the future well-being 

 of the Vines? Take other Vines with their roots all out- 

 side : from the great amount of rain we have had the 

 border cannot be otherwise than wet — actually saturated, 

 and the roots plump, the foliage green, and the fruit 

 swelled to its fullest extent. This is part of the difference 

 between the outside and inside. Some might say the 

 fruit must be deficient in flavour with the roots in a moist 

 border. It is nothing of the sort ; quite the reverse. I 

 have tasted Grapes — all kinds of Grapes — over and over 

 again from Vines with their roots outside, and in flavour 

 they were in every respect equal, and in juiciness far 

 superior to the half-raisin-like fruit of the inside Vines. 



But it is not a small matter of good or bad flavour for 

 one year that is of most importance. This is the chief 

 question, Will the Vines succeed much better through all 

 their existence with their roots outside than in ? They 

 will, or all my observations, and many others' besides 

 mine, are wrong. Vines with their roots outside I have 

 always observed as starting stronger into growth, remain- 

 ing more healthy through the seasoD, swelling their fruit 

 better, colouring it better, and keeping it better from 

 shrivelling, shanking, and other diseases than Vines 

 having their roots inside. 



I once saw a great many vineries planted in succession — 

 two or three one year, the same number next, and so on. 

 The vineries were made so that the whole of the Vines 

 had to be planted inside, but at the same time they could 

 reach the outside border after a year or two. During 

 the time the roots were inside the Vines did not make 

 the most satisfactory progress, and the first and second 

 crops shanked ; but after this, and as soon as the roots 

 were plentiful in the outside border, the Vines made a 

 more vigorous start than ever they had done, and since 

 then shanking has been unknown, and the Vines have 

 always been much freer from insects than formerly. 

 Now, nothing whatever was changed inside from what 

 it originally was, the only difference being the roots out- 

 No. 863.— Vol. XXXIII., New Series. 



side, and, curious to say, the soil and other ingredients in 

 the outside border were the same in every respect to that 

 inside. All the difference was the outside border was 

 never covered, but was always moist, especially in the 

 winter time, while the inside one was as dry as being 

 supplied with no water for five or six months in autumn 

 and winter could make it. This would certainly lead 

 one to suppose that Vines do better with their roots out- 

 side than in, because the outside Vines are never dry at 

 the root. This I believe is the whole secret ; and I believe 

 further, that it is one of the greatest mistakes that can 

 be made to let Vines become so dry at the root at any 

 time as many think is advantageous to them. No young 

 roots are more easily injured than Vine roots. I have 

 seen them quite fresh at the outside of the ball of a Vine 

 grown in a pot in the morning, and after the leaves have 

 flagged for want of water during the day every one of the 

 young fibres were dead at night. When the leaves are 

 off the Vines of course it cannot be seen how the foliage 

 might go down for want of water; but the roots will 

 perish as quickly when the leaves are off as on, and there 

 cannot be the slightest doubt that many young roots die 

 in inside borders in the winter time : hence their deficiency 

 of root-action, shanking, and other evils the following 

 season. 



Vine-border-making is included in the work to be dono 

 with us this winter. The outside will receive our very 

 best attention, but the inside we will have nothing to do 

 with. — A Kitchen Gardener. 



THE ROSE ELECTION.— No. 2. 



It is rather interesting to note the position of some 

 of the Roses which have attained their place in the forty- 

 eight, not by superlative merits, but I imagine rather by 

 all-round good qualities. Such I consider those to be 

 that have comparatively few first or even second-class 

 votes, and yet find a place amongst the elite of th© 

 selected forty-eight — notably No. 13, Mdlle. Marie Rady, 

 has only five first-class votes ; Edouard Morren, again, 

 No. 19, has but two. It cannot, in fact, be said that there 

 are a dozen Roses so generally excellent as to obtain two- 

 thirds of the first-class votes. This is rather extraordinary, 

 neither do I think it would have been suspected before- 

 hand. Let us see. 



Marie Baumann 1 ,„ Charles Lefebvre ' 



Alfred Colomb. . J aa La France 



Maruchal Niel and Barorme de Rothschild. . 



42 

 41 



Then comes even thus early a great drop, Francois 

 Michelon obtaining only thirty-seven, a number that 

 must increase if its constitution prove good, the only point 

 I think of doubt about this great acquisition to our Rose 

 list ; then Marquise de Castellane rises above Etienne 

 Levet, scoring twenty-four votes to the latter's twenty- 

 three. In previous elections I have been surprised at 

 this Rose being invariably placed over Francois Michelon, 

 as in form it is so very inferior, at least as it comes with 

 me, though I grant exceptional blooms are of rare beauty 

 in other characteristics. Louis Van Houtte received 



No. 1515.— Vol. LVIII., Old Series. 



