320 



JOUENAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



[ October 17, 1872. 



the rubber rings and glass covers and put them on the jars, but 

 not the metal rings. If metal covers are used leave the covers 

 off, as they are not improved by boiling. Cover the boiler vrith 

 its own cover, and let it remain over a slow fire until the steam 

 rises round the boiler-cover the number of minutes set against 

 that kind of fruit in the table below. When the fruit is suffici- 

 ently boiled take the jars one by one from the boiler, and set 

 them on a wet cloth, shake the can gently, until all the bubbles 

 rise to the surface and break, then, if the jars are full, put on the 

 covers and screw the rings, if any, to their places. If not full, 

 fill -up with boiling hot water or syrup. As the fruit cools it will 

 shrink a little, and, if all the air is excluded, will present an even 

 surface free from bubbles, and your fruit will keep. If _ bubbles 

 arise at any time the work must be done again, but this rarely 

 occurs if the directions are faithfully followed. If economy is 

 practised it is better not to sweeten the fruit, except pears, 

 peaches, and strawberries, whose flavour is improved by it, as 

 the fruit will not keep any better for it, and if from any cause 

 you lose any fruit, you do not experience the loss of sugar. If 

 the cans have metal rings they will need tightening as the fruit 

 cools. Glass jars are preferable, as they can be used until they 

 break from accident, and the fruit can always be examined and 

 all imperfections removed. 



TABLE FOR BOILING FRUIT IN CANS. 



Time in Sugar to 



minutes. the quart. 



Cherries 5 . . 6 ozs. 



Strawberries S . . S 



Raspberries 6 . . 4 



Blackberries 6 . . 6 



Gooseberries S - - 8 



Currants 6 . . S 



Grapes 10 . . S 



Rhubarb 10 .. 10 



Plums 10 . . S 



Peaches, "whole 15 . . 4 



Peaches, halves 8 . . 4 



Pears, whole 30 . . 8 



Crab Apples 25 . . 8 



Sour Apples, sliced 10 . . 8 



Quinces, sliced 15 . . 10 



Tomatoes ., 30 . . None. 



Beans and Peas, 3 to 4 hours. 



— (English Mechanic mid World of Science.) 



OUR LETTER BOX. 



Croydon Poultry Exhibition. — Instead of the Rev. N. J. Ridley's La 

 Heche highly commended, it was Mr. J. Walton's Creve-Cceur. 

 - Crystal Palace Canary Show (M. G.). — It is not yet fixed. Last year 

 it was held on February loth, 16th, and 17th. 



Ground Oats (J. D. F. and D. A.). — Ground oats are oats ground with 

 their outer covering on. "We have published the Susses miller's address who 

 sells them in our last number. Crushed oats, such as are given to horses, are 

 good for poultry, but they will not do for mashing. 



Egg-producers in Confined Space (J.). — "We know no bird that will 

 answer your purpose so well as the Brahma. It has quite superseded the 

 Spanish, because the latter, although it bears confinement well, is a dreary 

 and tiresome moulter, and when a little out of sorts has a very disagreeable 

 habit of eating all the feathers of its companions. It is not uncommon to see 

 a pen of Spanish in which no bird has other than its wing and tail feathers. 

 Brahmas are free from this defect, and they moult easily. 



Mating Buff Cochins (I. D.). — If you have Buff Cochin cocks and hens, 

 you cannot do better than put them together. The Cinnamon and Buff put 

 together produce a beautiful bird, but it is not fashionable now-a-days. It is 

 almost impossible to breed perfect cocks and pullets from the same parents, 

 but if these are chosen as nearly faultless as may be you have a good hope of 

 successful produce. Do not let anything blind you to defects. They axe far 

 more hereditary than virtues, and are sure to be prominent in the descend- 

 ants. If lightly feathered on the leg use a heavily-feathered cock. Tolerate 

 no vice of comb, and eschew legs like a lamplighter's ladder. If the loss of 

 an eye is plainly the result of accident, if the eye be gone it will not dis- 

 qualify. If the bird be sightless on one side, and the defect be apparent to 

 the judge, the bird must be disqualified. 



Red Dorkings (S. S.). — The man was quite right, the bird is what is called 

 the Red Dorking, and is cheap at the money. They are now very scarce. In 

 the early days of poultry shows many of them were exhibited, and Sir John 

 Cathcart was noted for the excellence of his birds and his constant success. 

 The hens to match this cock should be a dark chocolate colour, spotted with 

 white. The Cochin pullet should be treated with Baily's pills. If not at hand 

 wash her nostrils with vinegar and water, give two pills of camphor each the 

 size of a garden pea, and feed twice per day on bread and ale till the symp- 

 toms pisappear. 



Brahmas as Layers G. _B.).— No fowl in health wants to sit after laying 

 three or four eggs. Brahmas are the best fowls we know for living in confine- 

 ment, and they are full average layers. If you wish to begin now you must 

 buy pullets. Hens will not lay till the spring. 



Silkies (A. B.).— They are very little larger than Bantams, though their 

 light plumage conceals their pigmy size. Cock about 2 lbs. ; hen about 1 J lb. 

 Eggs li oz. ; those of the whrte-plumaged tapering to one end, and huff- 

 coloured ; but those of the yellow variety round, and white-shelled. Moderate 

 layers, but excellent mothers. Chickens easily reared, if not hatched before 

 April nor later than June. Their black skin and bones render them unsightly 

 table birds. 



Fowls for Small Space {C. L., Hammersmith). — In such a place as you 

 describe, we should advise you to keep Dark Brahmas. They are more than 

 average layers, and are amongst the hardiest fowls we know. A small space 

 will serve for the adults, but you cannot rear chickens in such a place. 



Promoting Game Fowls' Condition (Nemo).— Yolk of egg, white peas, 

 and bread steeped in porter or port wine, are all excellent t hin gs to produce 

 hard feather. 



Exhibiting Spanish Fowls (B. P. P.). — As no colour is named, and as 

 " "White Spanish " are unquestionably Spanish, the "White may be shown in 

 the ordinary classes. They are as truly Spanish, as the Blacks, and are often 

 sports from Black parents. This would not hold good with Minorcas, as they 

 are a distinct and different breed. There are but two breeds of Spanish, the 

 Black and the "White. The Andalusians are an offshoot, and many good 

 judges hold the Minorcas to be degenerate descendants, but they have ex- 

 isted long enough to be entitled to the name of distinct breeds. 



Moving a Hive by Railway (Old Subscriber).— Suspend it by a rope 

 passed underneath it from the roof of the carriage. 



METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 



Camden Square, London. 



Lat. 51° 32' 40" N. ; Long. 0° 8' 0" "W. ; Altitude 111 feet. 



Date. 



A.M. 



Ik the Day. 







■ Si a 





c-rj 



~ 



Shade Tem- 



Radiation 



.3 



1872. 





ter. 



It 





perature. 



Temperature. 



Oct. 









In 



On 







a SsJ 



Dry. 1 Wet. 



3° 





Max. 



Min. 



snn. 



grass 







Inches. 



cleg. 1 deg. 





deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



deg. 



In. 



We. 9 



29.846 



53 7 50.4 



s.w. 



51.2 



58.0 



42.2 



77.S 



38.1 



0.590 



Th. 10 



29.750 44 6 1 43 4 



w. 



50.0 



55.8 



34.8 



96 S 



324 



0.162 



Fri. 11 



29.464 48 3 



45.0 



w. 



49.8 



51.7 



42.3 



97 3 



39.7 



— 



Sat. 12 



29.643 



42.3 



41.0 



s w. 



47.9 



49.6 



32.1 



82.0 



29 9 



— 



Sun 13 



29.816 



419 



4U.9 



w. 



46 8 



52.9 



31.8 



79.0 



30.0 



— 



Mo. 14 



30.022 



41.6 



40.3 



N. 



46.3 



55.3 



35.1 



S1.7 



30.6 



— 



Ta. 15 j 29.S50 



38.4 



38.1 



N.W. 



462 



49.1 



31.9 



74 1 



29.S 



0.030 



Means 29.770 



44 4 



42.7 





48.3 



53.6 



S5.8 



84.1 



32.9 



0.4S2 



REMARKS. 

 9th. — A thoroughly damp uncomfortable day, not five minutes' sunshine all 

 day, fair evening. 

 10th. — "Very bright till noon, thin cloudy rain about 6 P.n., fine, though windy 



at night. 

 11th. — Beautifully bright, hut occasional showers in the afternoon. 

 12th,— "White frost, but very bright and fine, though rather cold, a few drops 



of rain. 

 13th. — A beautifully fine bright day throughout, rather misty at night. 

 14th. — Bright fine day, and splendid moonlit night. 

 15th. — Rather hazy early, very fine morning and afternoon, evening foggy. 



A considerable decrease of temperature has set in. with frequent white 

 frosts. The sky has been rather free from cloud, but the air has been misty 

 and somewhat thick. — G. J. Symons. 



COVEXT GARDEN MARKET.— October 16. 

 There are no fresh features in the trade, business being dull without 

 alteration in prices. Imports are large, comprising the usual autumn goods. 



FRUIT, 



s. d. s. d. { 8. d. s. d. 



3 OtoO Mulberries ^lb. OtoO 



0l Nectarines doz. 



Oranges ^100 10 20 



Peacnes doz. 10 25 



Oj Pears, kitchen doz. 10 8 



01 dessert doz. 2 4 



16 8 0' PineApples lb. 4 8 



10 16 Plums -.. J sieve 5 



10 16 Quinces doz. 10 2 



0, Raspberries lb. 



2 5 0! Strawberries ^lb. 



6 10 I Walnuts bushel 15 30 



2 5 0l ditto ¥-100 3 



Apples & sieve 



Apricots doz. 



Cherries per lb. 



Chestnuts..- bushel 



Currants i sit ve 



Black do. 



Figs doz. 



Filberts lb. 



Cobs lb. 



Gooseberries quart 



Grapes, hothouse lb. 



Lemons ^-300 



Melons each 



VEGETABLES. 



d. S. 

 0to4 

 



Artichokes doz. 2 



Asparagus ¥"100 



Bean3, Kidney. ... * sieve 304 



Broad bushel 



Beet,Red doz. 10 3 



Broccoli bundle 9 1 



Cabbage doz. 10 1 



Capsicums ^-KO 2 3 



Carrots bunch 6 



Cauliflower doz. 2 4 



Celery bundle 16 2 



Coleworts.. doz. bunches 2 3 



Cucumbers each 3 1 



pickling doz. 



Endive doz. 2 



Fennel bunch 8 



Garlic lb. 6 



Herbs bunch 8 



Horseradish bundle 3 4 



Leeks bunch 2 



Lettuce doz. 9 1 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustard & Cress. .punnet 

 Onions. ^-bushel 



pickling quart 



Parsley per doz. bunches 



Parsnips doz. 



Peas qoart 



Potatoes bushel 



Kidney do. 



Round do. 



Radishes., doz. bunches 



Rhubarb bundle 



Salsafy %» bundle 



Savoys doz. 



Scorzonera.... ^-bundle 



Sea-kale basket 



Shallots lb. 



Spinach bushel 



Tomatoes doz. 



Turnips bunch 



Vegetable Marrows. .doz. 



s. d. s. d. 

 1 0to3 O 

 



POULTRY MARKET.— October 16. 

 The trade has rather fallen off than otherwise, and prices, save for very 

 choice goods, are hardly maintained. Grouse andPartridgearemoreplentiful, 

 but the supply of Pheasants is small. 





s. d. s. d. 





2 6 3 





19 2 





2 2 6 







s. d. s. 

 3 to S 

 15 1 



Hares 



Rabbits 



Wildditto 10 1 



Pigeons 10 1 



Pheasants 2 6 8 



Partridges 16 1 



