63 Canadian Record of Science. 
cayed surface of the limestone. Much of the ore is concentrated 
before shipping, by crushing, washing and sizing in screens, or else 
shipped en masse as “furnace ore,” to be manufactured into alloys 
for steel-making. 
In Canada the production from 1873-1886 of manganese ore was 
16,039 tons, worth $344,440, while in 1890 it was 1,455 tons, worth 
$32,737. In 1888 the United States produced 291,330 tons of ore, 
valued at $1,454,416. The demand for manganese ores is ever in- 
creasing, and it is to be hoped that new deposits will be opened up 
in Canada, leading to mining on a more extensive and productive 
scale, and adding materially to the wealth and prosperity of our 
Dominion. 
W. A. Cartyia, M.E. 
On THE NICKEL AND Copper Deposits or Supgpury, Ont., by Alfred 
E. Barlow, M.A. (of the Geological Survey Department). 
This timely paper which appears in the June number of the Ottawa 
Naturalist, deals in general with the discovery, geological relations, 
mode of occurrence and composition of the nickel and copper ores in 
the Districts of Algoma and Nipissing, together with their prelimin- 
ary metallurgical treatment as carried on in this district. The dis- 
covery of nickel in Canada dates back to 1846, when its existence 
in workable quantities at the Wallace mine, on Lake Huron, was 
made known. In 1856 Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, in his analyses of some 
trap collected by Mr. Alex. Murray, of the Geological Survey, from 
the north-western corner of the Township of Waters, showed that 
small quantities of nickel and copper were present. These deposits 
are composed of chalcopyrite very intimately mixed with nickel- 
iferous pyrrhotite. The detection at some of the openings of poly- 
dymite, ferriferous sulphide of nickel, as well as a few undoubted 
crystals of millerite, seems to justify the assumption that in the 
more highly nickeliferous deposits, at least, the nickel is also pre- 
sent as a sulphide, disseminated through the ore mass like the 
iron and copper. These sulphides may be said to occur in three 
distinct ways. Ist, As contact deposits of pyrrhotite and chalcopy- 
rite, situated betweeu the clastic rocks, such as felsites, quartzites, 
and intrusive diabase or gabbro, or between these latter and gran- 
ite or micropegmatite. 2nd, As impregnations of these minerals 
through the diabase or gabbro, which are sometimes so rich and 
considerable as to form workable deposits. These sulphides are in 
no case found dissemmated through the clastic rocks at any great 
distance from the diabase or gabbro, which seems clear evidence 
