Water Supply of Kingston, Ont. 121 
Number 45,1 thought, must be a salt spring, until I 
heard that it was from a shallow well dug in the soil of an 
old cow byre. The chlorine in the majority of these waters 
is so high that further and confirmatory analysis was needed 
in order to fix upon the danger line. Tbe chlorides might 
be derived from mineral instead of from animal sources. 
Nos. 10, 12 and 35 were submitted to further analysis. 
The results, which I give here, show that a water containing 
50 parts of chlorine to the million is very bad. 
PARTS PER MILLION. 
Free Alb. Oxygen 
No. Ammonia. Ammonia. Chlorine. consumed. Solids. 
Donen cee .26 16 194 2.50 2040 
ere vise 6 1.60 -60 50 10.25 500 
Diylerersesiel ciate 2.66 14 59.6 2.02 735 
Nitrates were abundant in each, particularly in No. 10. 
Number 12 was swarming with bacteria. 
The method for determining the oxygen consumed was 
the alkaline permanganate method of Schulze and Tromms- 
dorf as modified by J. Klein.' I have found this method 
perfectly accurate, as judged by concordance in results, and 
very rapid and convenient. The whole operation occupies 
only about twenty minutes. 
Some years ago I made a careful analysis of a Kingston 
well-water containing 15 parts of chlorine to the million 
and found it pure. The conclusion to be drawn from the 
foregoing results is that Kingston well-waters containing 
more than 15 parts of chlorine to the million are suspicious, 
and are almost certainly bad if the amount reaches 50 parts. 
THe Water WoRKS SUPPLY. 
Up to the present the supply has been drawn from two 
points near the waterworks wharf (see map A.) As large 
drains discharge at points not far above and below this, it 
was thought (not unnaturally) that the source might be 
undesirably impure. Analyses of the harbour water have 
been made several times by the late Dr. Bayne, of the Royal 
' Journal of the Chemical Society, 1887, p. 1000; Arch. Pharm. 
[3], 25, 522. 
