The Utica Terrane in Canada. 171 
which petroleum and oils can be extracted, but scarcely 
yet with sufficient readiness and cheapness to warrant the 
utilizing of these shales for economic purposes. 
The shales of the Utica are for the most part soft dark- 
brown or black, brittle, earthy and bituminous. From: the 
exposures of this formation as far east as Murray Bay, Que., 
along the north shore of the St. Lawrence in the vicinity and 
under the waters of Lake St. Peter; at Montreal, Lacolle, 
Clarenceville; and again between Lake Ontario (Whitby) 
and Collingwood Bay, near Collingwood, as also along the 
capes and bays of the great Manitoulin and other islands in 
the northern portion of Lake Huron, the shaly strata of the 
Utica are very similar throughout and the characters very 
closely related. 
In certain areas they are more or less calcareous, at 
times they are highly argillaceous. The presence of 
volcanic and intrusive masses about Montreal, and in the 
HKastern Townships of Quebec, has considerably altered 
and hardened the Utica of that region, which is, as a rule, 
highly calcareous. 
Chemical characters.—In the “Geology of Canada,” 1863, 
Sir William Logan has given a number of interesting 
chemical analyses of the Utica shales or “pyroschists,” as 
they are called, which were made by Messrs. Chandler 
and Kimball for Prof. Whitney, and were published in the 
“Geol. of Wisconsin,” Vol. I, p. 184. 
The five analyses there given are here inserted, as they 
serve to show clearly the chemical composition of these 
shales or pyroschists from various localities. They are as 
follows :— 
“T, is a blackish-brown, very fine-grained rock, from 
Cape Smith, ake Huron. It has a somewhat conchoidal 
fracture, is not schistose in its structure, and contains no 
traces of fossils. II. is from an Island north of Maple Cape, 
and is blackish-brown, fine-grained, and earthy in texture, 
with a laminated structure, and contains no fossils. III. is 
from Ste. Anne, Montmorenci, and is dark-brown, shaly, 
and contains graptolites. IV. is from Gloucester, and is a 
