174 Canadian Record of Science. 
Paleontological characters—The Utica formation along 
the whole line of its outcrop in Canada may be said to be 
for the most part highly fossiliferous. This is especially 
true of the lower and middle portions of this terrane, 7.e., 
of those portions which are more calcareous than the upper 
series of strata. In the “ Paleontology of Ontario,” 1874, 
by Prof. A. H. Nicholson, that writer describes and records 
eleven species of fossils as constituting the fauna of this 
period in Cambro-Silurian times. In 1882, when the writer 
Joined the Geological Survey staff, there were then exhibit- 
ed in the cases of the museum some twelve species of fossils 
representing the then known fauna of the Utica. 
By dint of collecting and gathering together the material 
which was in the possession of the Geological Survey of 
Canada, determining the same, and of losing no opportunity 
of collecting himself wherever the Utica formation was 
known or seen, the writer has been able to bring together 
an assemblage of upwards of sixty forms which marks a 
special horizon in Ordovician times and differentiates itself 
from the Trenton and Hudson River terranes. The fossils 
which are found entombed in the shales and limestones of 
this formation are often exceedingly well preserved, and 
being very abundant afford an excellent opportunity of 
studying the fragments or separate portions of individuals 
which are usually seen along the divisional planes of strati- 
cation in such vast numbers. 7 
Just as the lithological characters of the Utica show a 
decided resemblance and similarity to the underlying 
Trenton and overlying Hudson River, so also the fossil 
remains of the Utica towards the base of that terrane show 
a decided affinity and close relationship to the Trenton 
facies, and towards the summit to the newer Hudson River 
fossils. In fact, we find that just as there are passage beds, 
or transitional strata, between the Trenton and Utica, and 
also between the Utica and Hudson River, so also do we find 
a number of species of fossils which pass upwards or are 
common to the three formations. 
The following table has been prepared to show the 
