360 Canadian Record of Science. 
His intelligence is quickened by the invention of better 
methods for the carrying on of his work and in the buying 
of his own materials and the sale of his own finished products. 
“ Only those can have a real pleasure in their calling ” 
(says Leopold von Kunowski in his brochure “ Wird die 
Socialdemokratic siegen ”), “who first freely choose it, and 
afterwards have the hope of seeing before them the fruits 
of their labour and skill, of attaining for themselves and 
their families a greater opulence, of reaching a more inde- 
pendent and important position in their profession, and 
lastly of hereby fulfilling such other good and noble aims 
as every man carries in his breast to a greater or less ex- 
tent. These traits of character lie so deeply in man’s 
nature, and are so founded on the natural freedom incul- 
cated equally by his religion and his philosophy, as to be 
absolutely ineradicable and incapable of being silenced.” 
To no one can these noble words be applied with greater 
force and truth than to the small employer, whose industry 
is not confined within certain specified working hours as 
with the dependent factory hand, and who by his special 
skill or business aptitude can attain more and more to 4 
comfortable position. Such an independent workman will 
be replaced as the generations go on by his apprentices ; of 
whom he ought to have one or two. These should, if they 
are not already members of his family, live in his house, 
and they will then from personal esteem take as keen an 
interest in the business as he does himself. They know 
that they themselves will some day be small employers, so 
that no detail of the whole organization will escape their 
vigilance. 
There is no reason why such people as these should not 
have high moral and political aims, if only a strong govern- 
ment attends to the just protection of their rights and 
property. 
And in such a case the logical conclusion to be drawn is, 
that in a state where the small industries flourish there will 
reign peace, contentment, order and prosperity; for dis- 
