362 Canadian Record of Science. 
lf this be really the case, then the solution cf the pro- 
blem of the temporal prosperity of the labourer lies in some 
system of codperation and the securing of identity of inter- 
est by profit-sharing, so that the worker may participate in 
the results of his industry, skill and intelligence. At the 
present time the whole benefit accrues to the capitalist who 
employs him. 
Several instances of the successful operation of such 
schemes are given in Mr. Sedtey Taylor’s most interesting 
work on profit-sharing. 
With reference to this the writer is not inclined to coin- 
cide in the view that labour employ in large factories need 
form the main or indecd the staple form of industrial pro. 
duction. 
Adam Smith’s, or rather Babbage’s, third advantage of 
the division of labour, viz: ‘‘Suitable machinery more likely 
to be invented by the workman for the carrying out of the 
process upon which he is employed,” suggests the future 
result of the production of manufactured articles in this 
manner. 
The effect will always be, and we have seen above that 
this has already partly taken placc during the last twenty 
or thirty years, that more and more of the labour of the 
world will be done by machinery, and that the part of man 
in this work will tend ‘more and more to become that of 
intelligent supervision. This is indeed the only ground on 
which higher education for the masses can be justified ; for 
the education of men whose employments demand nothing 
but mere brute force can result in nothing but dissatisfaction 
with their condition, or, in other words, political disaffection. 
Now the chief reason why this intelligent supervision is 
at the present time carried on almost wholly in large fac- 
tories, and therefore with no reward to the labourer in the 
shape of profit-sharing, is because the capitalist has the 
entire monopoly of that power or mechanical energy with- 
out which the machine:y cannot be used. 
It happens that the cost of the production of power from 
coal by means of steam engines and boilers (in comparison 
