34 



the eastern coast of New South Wales, \\-ith C. Tasmanica the closely related 

 species of the elevated country of the Rylstone district of New South Wales and 

 the corresponding Tasmanian trees, and secondly, the South Australian species, 

 C . prapinqita, with C . glauca. 



In whatever direction the results are considered, it is found that the several 

 constituents in Callitris oils continue to increase with each well-defined species, 

 in the individual groups, until a maximum is reached in one of them, ^^'ith 

 dextro-rotatory pinene the maximum is \\ith C . Drummondii ; with dextro- 

 rotatorv limonene it is \\ith C. arenosa, where it occurs together with dipentene, 

 and not less than 85 per cent, of this oil consists of the limonenes. The Isvo- 

 rotator\- form of limonene is most pronounced \\'ith C. intratropica, in the oil of 

 which limonenes also occur in considerable amount. The geranyl-acetate con- 

 tinues to increase in the several species, until the maximum is reached with C. 

 Tasmanica, practicalh' the same result being obtained with both the R^'lstone 

 and the Tasmanian trees, and in which over 60 per cent, of this ester was present. 

 Borneol increases in the same ratio, but not to the same extent as the geraniol, 

 and does not appear to be present alone in any one species, nor does the laevo- 

 rotatory form occur. Free borneol is found to only a small extent in many of 

 the species. Terpineol \\"as found in the greatest quantity in the oil of C. gracilis, 

 but even there it was only present in a comparatively small amount. The deter- 

 mination of butyric acid in the oil of this species indicated that it was present 

 with the terpineol, and as butyric acid has also been detected in small amount 

 in the oils of several species, it is probable that this ester occurs in the oils of most 

 Callitris, the exception being those in which geraniol is in greatest abundance, 

 and also in those oils very poor in ester. No butyric acid could be detected in 

 the ester of C. Tasmanica, as the theoretical result for acetic acid was obtained. 



The dextro-rotatory pinene, taken at its maximum in the oil of C. Drum- 

 mondii, had a very high specific rotation [aj^ = 4- 49-77°, but the Isevo modification 

 increasing in other species reduced this activity to the right, until with C. Mnelleri 

 it was only slightly dextro-rotatory. The limonenes appear to be always present 

 in both forms ; with some species the predominant one is the dextro-rotatory modifi- 

 cation, while in others, it is the Isevo-rotatory limonene which is in excess. The 

 melting point of the tetrabromides formed with the Umonenes of the Callitris oils 

 was always high, and in this respect differed entirely from that formed with the 

 dextro-rotatory hmonene occurring in the oil of " King William Pine," which 

 gave a tetrabromide melting at 104° C. 



It will be observed that the optical activity of some of the Callitris oils, 

 is not of a constant character for all times of the year. This is due to two causes: 

 'j) With some species the oil obtained from the fruits has a markedly diflcrent 

 rotation from that of the leaves, even if obtained from the same tree, although 

 the terpenes are the same in character. The amount of ester is less also. This 



