268 



Figure 183 well illustrates that the transverse sections of the normal leaves 

 present some interesting sampiles of structure, for whilst conforming in a 

 general way to the usual anatomy of this part of the Cal/itris, yet there are 

 specific difterences that ma\" be worthy of notice, viz. : — A narrow ring, two 

 or three cells wide, of empty parenchymatous vessels enclosing the bundles 

 of the central cvlinder or column of the branchlet, and occasionally connected 

 by medullary rays with the pith cells. This is the only species in which the 

 parenchymatous cells partake more of a true endodermal character (Figures 183-5), 

 for not onl\- are the\- arranged in a circle around all the bundles, but also around 

 the oil cavities, the transfusion tissue in a compact mass on either side of the 

 leaf bundle, and partly around the base of the oil cavity, and not irregularly 

 scattered, as holds in some other species. The manganese compound containing 

 parenchymatous cells, are not so clearly defined, but, nevertheless, can be traced 

 in Figure 185, as a narrow band around, but distant from the central axis 

 or phloem, and also at the base of the decurrent channels. At this early stage 

 of growth it may be noted (Figure 184) that the bast cells of the phloem are 

 beginning to form, and if staining is any guide to origin, the evidence is 

 in favour of a xNdemic one, or at least they are closely allied to, or have affinity 

 with that material. No sclerenchymatous cells were detected corresponding 

 to those of C. rhomhoidea or C . calcarata. It is to be noticed how relatively small 

 are the man\" oil ca\'ities to those of other species, and also that two sometimes 

 occur in each leaf Figures 183-41. The hvpodermal cells occur at the dorsal 

 side and at the edge of the leaf as it turns into the decurrent channel, where are 

 found the stomata. 



(c) Chkmistry of the I^eaf Oil. 



This material was collected at the Spit, near Sydney, New South Wales, 

 2oth September, 1907. The leaves and terminal branchlets alone were used. 

 The whole of the fruits wore removed before distillation, and these distilled 

 separately. The distillation was continued for six liom's, and 212 II). of terminal 

 branchlets gave 3J oz. of oil, eiinal to n-io] \^vv cent. The crude oil was slightly 

 lemon coloured, very mobile, and liud tlic " pine-needle oil " odour luuch less 

 distinctly marked than with mo>t species, resembling that of turpentine more 

 strongly. It was practically a terpene oil, and, consequently, was inditierently 

 soluble, being insoluble with ten volumes of f)0 per cent, alcohol. The principal 

 constituent was pinene, bolh forms being present, the dextro-rotatory pinene 

 only slightly predominating. The limonenes were also present, the one in excess 

 being the la;vo-rotatory form. The esters were very small in anionnl, hut there 

 is no reason to suppose that tliey differ in comjiosition fiom those of the Cd/lilris 

 generally, and the amount of oil at our disposal was too small to allow iln' con- 

 stituents to be isolatcfl for spi^eilie dctemiiiiat ion. 



