^94 



only, and 207 lb. of these, when steam-distilled for six hours, gave 8 J- oz. of oil, 

 equal to 0-256 per cent. 



The crude oil was of a light-amber colour, and had an odour onl}- slightl}' 

 resembling " pine-needle oils " generally, and a secondary one which was 

 distinctly aromatic. It was soluble in 4 volumes of go per cent, alcohol. The 

 principal constituent in the oil was dextro-rotatory pinene, and there appeared 

 to be an entire absence of limonene, a fact which shows a distinctive difference 

 between this genus and Calliin's. No less than 87 per cent, of the total oil distilled 

 below 170° C, and less than 2 per cent, came over between 170° and 200° C. 



The ester was not completely identified because the small amount of material 

 at our disposal did not permit of this being done, but the odour of the saponified 

 oil was distinctly that of geraniol, and borneol was not indicated. The result 

 with cold saponification also confirmed the presence of geranyl-acetate. 



The specific gravity of the crude oil at 15° C. = 0-8726 ; rotation (?„ = -|- 40-9°; 

 refractive index at ig° C. = 1-4736. The saponification number was 21-6, equal 

 to 7*6 per cent, of ester, as geranyl-acetate. In the cold, -with two hours' contact, 

 the saponification number was 19-81, equal to 6-93 per cent, ester. 



On redistilling, only a small amount came over below 154° C. Between 

 154° and 160°, 76 per cent, distilled; between 160° and 170°, 10 per cent. The 

 thermometer then quickly rose to 215°, and only 2 per cent, had been obtained 

 between 170° and 215°; between 215° and 230°, 8 per cent, distilled. 



The specific gravity of the first fraction at 15° C. = 0-8616; of the second, 

 0-8621 ; of the fourth, 0-9140. The rotation of the first fraction, a^ — + 44-5°, or 

 a specific rotation [a] , + 51-64°; of the second, -|- 42-9°. The refractive index of 

 the first fraction at 20° C. was 1-4724. The characteristic pinene reactions were 

 obtained with the oil of the first fraction, thus showing it to be that terpene. 



The saponification number of the fourth fraction was 127-4, equal to 44-7 

 per cent, ester. The saponified oil of this fraction had a marked geraniol odour, 

 and when oxidised the odour of citral was readily obtained. There was no 

 deposition of resin on the sides of the bottle on keeping, as often occurs with many 

 of the oils of Callitris. 



IV. TIMBER. 



(a) Economic. 



The timber being small, is of little economic value. 



(b) Anatomy. 



In a tangential section of the secondary wood TFigurc 209) are conspicuously 

 seen numerous instances of end-on views of the medullary rays, and the radial walls 



