430 



former, as shown in Figure 286. Bast fibres, parenchyma vessels, and 

 sclerenchymatous cells are all intermixed with scarcely any order or regularity- 

 whatever. 



The medullary rays are distinct objects in the transverse sections, winding 

 in a sinuous manner amongst the parenchymatous vessels and sieve tubes. The 

 bast fibres are of comparatively small area in the cross-section and form a fair 

 proportion of bark substance, but are seen to better advantage in a longitudinal 

 section. 



The periderm cells present the only regular feature of the cortex, and this 

 portion of the bark is comparatively broad and forms a distinct feature in the 

 exterior material. Figure 284 is a 68-magnification of the outer bark, the 

 lighter portion is a periderm laj'er. Figure 285, an increased magnification on 

 Figure 284, shows in the centre of the picture sclerenchymatous cells. 

 Figure 286. — In this it was hoped to show, in a 300-magnification, a broad 

 sieve tube with double plates, but is not so clear as was expected. 



(b) Chemistry. 



This sample of Phyllocladtis bark was obtained from Tasmania, and was 

 collected from a fair-sized tree. It had a fibrous nature, was not very thick, 

 and had an outer coating of a thin, papery consistency, which was of a darker 

 colour than that of the general mass. The total thickness of the bark ranged 

 from five to seven millimetres, and was of an orange-brown to a light burnt- 

 sienna colour. The powdered bark was of a sienna-brown color and was some- 

 what fibrous. When extracted with boiling water and filtered through cloth, 

 the filtrate on cooling separated a considerable amount of an orange-brown 

 substance, which being very finely divided took a considerable time to deposit. 



The clear filtrate from the first precipitated material, after clarifying 

 with kaolin, contained a considerable amount of a substance which was 

 evidently of a glucosidal nature. It had tanning properties, as well as acting 

 as a dye material, and was almost entirely removed from solution by hide- 

 powder. That this was so was clearly indicated, as no deposit of an insoluble 

 substance formed after boiling tho filtrate from the hide-powder with sul]')huric 

 acid. 



The clear solution, before treatment with lii(lr-j)o\\dcr, ga\'e a dull 

 salmon colour to cloth mordanted with alumina, and the whole range of tints 

 with various mordants were more delicate and less red than were those formed 

 with the sienna-brown powder, ahhougli the same range of colors were given 

 by both the powder and the solution. 



That the clear solution, before treatment with liidi-powder, contained a 

 glucoside was shown as follows: A Httle sul])huric acid was added and the 



