chap, xiv] DIFFERENT SPECIES OF ORANG-UTAN 



exactly the same experience, and even expresses the conviction 

 that the adipose cheek-expansions are peculiar to adult males. 



On the other hand, however, many Dyaks at Marop assured me 

 repeatedly that the female Mayas Tj aping has cheek-expan- 

 sions like those of the male. This was further confirmed by the 

 testimony of intelligent Malays, and amongst others by the Tuanku 

 Yassim, mentioned in the earlier part of this book. Lastly, the 

 Rev. Mr. Mesney, one of the missionaries whom I had met at Ban- 

 teng, told me that he had himself shot a female Mayas with cheek 

 expansions, and, moreover, that it had a young one with it, still 

 suckling, which also had these singular lateral appendages to its 

 face. 



Later, during subsequent travels, I had several opportunities 

 of examining living specimens of orang-utan, and give here the 

 following extracts from my note-book : — 



" 6 xii. 1877. I have seen in the Calcutta Zoological Gardens 

 two orang-utans which had had young. The male showed 

 rudiments of the cheek-expansions ; it was as big as the female, 

 which had none, and looked like a Mayas Kassa, fully grown, or 

 nearly so." 



"xii. 1877. I have examined at Buitenzorg two living orang- 

 utans in the possession of Mr. Teysmann ; both very young and 

 males, and both provided with very visible cheek-expansions. They 

 were the size of the one I shot at Marop on the 3rd of April, 1867, 

 which is now mounted in the University Zoological Museum at Pisa. 

 About the same time, in the Zoological Gardens at Batavia, I saw 

 another yet smaller specimen of orang-utan ; it also had visible 

 cheek-expansions, but I did not ascertain the sex." 



It is, therefore, a well ascertained fact that there are both very 

 young as well as fully adult males provided with adipose lateral 

 cheek-expansions, and others, both young and adult, who have not a 

 trace of them. This has induced Wallace and others to express 

 the opinion that at least two species of orang-utan exist in Borneo. 



Summing up from what I have myself observed and from the 

 information collected, we come to the following conclusions : — 



1. That there is no well-authenticated case of a female orang 

 with lateral face-expansions. That nevertheless there is some 

 evidence to show that such expansions may be met with, if not 

 constantly, at all events occasionally, in the female. 



2. That there are young orangs yet in their milk dentition 

 which have well-developed cheek-expansions. These are thus 

 manifestly not a character of age, as the late A. Milne-Edwards has 

 suggested. 



3. That adult individuals are found with the expansions rudi- 

 mentary. 



There is no doubt that the presence or absence of these lateral 



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