October 18, ISM. ] 



JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. 



315 



roots the sooner, if the operation is performed before the 

 leaves lose their greenness, if there is the chance to syringe 

 these leaves in a hot day, or to shade them from the hot sun. 

 "Where neither syringing nor shading can be given, the 

 planting had better be delayed till the end of the month, as 

 then moistening the foliage will be less required. 



When the dryness prevents lifting and transplanting, 

 much may be done in pruning and thinning the tops, both 

 of trees to be transplanted, and of those that are established 

 and intended to remain as they are. It is much more pleasant 

 to do this now than in winter, and it will, by the admission 

 of light and air, tell more upon the fruitfuiness of the tree 

 next season. 



We have gathered all our Filberts, most of our Apples, 

 a number of Pears, and all Plums except a few of Coe's 

 Golden Drop, which ripened rather sooner than usual, as the 

 tree was rather severely root-pruned last season. One act- 

 vantage of this Plum is its hanging so long after it is ripe, 

 and becoming all the richer if a little shrivelled at the stalk. 

 Were we to state what we have been doing with other fruit 

 we would merely be repeating what was said last week. 



CHARRED-RUBBISH HEAP. 



Took the advantage of the absence from home of the pro- 

 prietor, and thus having smoke without annoyance, to 

 nave a large heap of prunings, roots, weeds, &c, placed 

 together, and will cover with earth, so as partly to char, and 

 then burn the remainder to ashes. To this heap are brought 

 all the bad weeds, as couch grass, &c, as nothing settles 

 them so well as burning them. We tread the heap of prun- 

 ings as well as we can, and then, as leaf mould would be too 

 valuable for a covering, we place a layer of litter and vege- 

 table leaves all over before covering with earth and clay, 

 which prevents the latter from falling into the middle of the 

 heap. To make the heap more compact we frequently throw 

 into it and over it, before the earth-covering, great lots of 

 sawdust and refuse from the wood-yard, which thus become 

 charred. Light where you will the heat will always reach 

 the top, and for charring, the concealed fire must be brought 

 down by degrees by boring holes until the base is reached. 

 With a little care a great amount of charred matter may 

 thus be obtained froin a lot of rubbishy materials. But in 

 such a heap if you wait until all is charred the charred 

 matter will become less and less from the admission of air 

 by chinks and crannies. It is best, therefore, to open 

 such a heap when the bulk is charred, and then make a fire 

 of the remainder, which will burn ever so much rough earth, 

 clay, &e. A good portion of our heap will be small laurel 

 prunings, and these when charred with other things are 

 good for common purposes, but not so good for tender cut- 

 tings and plants in-doors if not previously well exposed to 

 the air. Oak, Lime, and any common wood, except that of 

 the resinous tribe are good for particular purposes, and a 

 char heap of such wood must be carefully attended to that 

 none of the heap may be burned into ashes. 



FERMENTING-HEAP. 



We have little grass to assist us this season, but all we 

 could collect from the mowing and machining of the lawn, 

 and the tree leaves that are falling a little prematurely, 

 along with all the litter we could command, have been 

 thrown into a heap to ferment, and will be found valuable 

 in forwarding a few cuttings rather late in frames, and in 

 helping various crops. Many things, even Lettuces, would 

 do better in winter, and stand more air even in cold weather, 

 if they had a foot or IS inches of such a mixture beneath 

 the earth in which the roots were placed. The only diffi- 

 culty was procuring water to moisten the litter. In common 

 seasons the grass would have done that admirably. 



EARTH AND TURF-HEAPS. 



Took the opportunity of a small meadow being planted to 

 procure a lot of turf and earth, and will stack up the former 

 in the manner previously indicated. It is so dry that it is 

 hard work to take it up ; but then it will come home light, 

 and we must not miss the chance. Most probably we will 

 let it lay roughly, and only build it in stacks when it is a 

 little wet. In common seasons it is easy to moisten as we 

 use it, and it will keep all the better and be more sweet 

 from being piled up when rather dry. The gardener who 

 never can obtain a bit of fresh turfy soil is much to be pitied, 

 and scheme how he will his employers will ultimately suffer. 



Some of our best gardeners think nothing of getting soil 

 from a distance of many miles if it suits them, and the 

 result will generally be seen in superior cultivation. 



ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT. 



Yery much the same as last week. Proceeded with re- 

 potting Pelargoniums, potting Primroses, Cinerarias, &c. 

 The flower garden is still so fine, that we gave over taking 

 things up, and will trust even Cloth of Gold a little longer. 

 With north and east winds the nights have become warmer 

 as the days are duller. Masses of Stella are still masses of 

 gorgeousness. We will commence with Calceolaria cuttings 

 next week. — R. F. 



COVENT GAEDEN MAEEET.— October 15. 



Hothouse Grapes ar: very plentiful and of excellent quality, while of 

 Pines there is a fair supply. Peaches are now scarce, but sufficient for 

 the smalt demand which exists for them. Of Apples and Pears large 

 quantities of excellent fruit are to be had ; and in Plums a few Purple 

 Gages are still to be met with. New Oranges are beginning to come in, 

 the first cargo having arrived ; and new Walnuts are seen in abundance. 

 The vegetable market remains unchmged, and Potatoes are still heavy, the 

 samples, it must be added, are remarkably healthy, the disease apparently 

 dying out. 



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TEADE CATALOGUES EECEIVED. 



S. Ponsford & Son, Loughborough Park Nurseries, Cold 

 Harbour Lane, Brixton, Surrey. — Catalogue of General Nur- 

 sery Stock ; Select Catalogue of Dutch and Cape Flower Roots. 



Andre Leroy, Angers, France. — Supplement au Catalogue 

 de 1S63; Tableau des Arores Forestiers et d'Ornement de'ja 

 forts. 



James Veitch, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, 

 and Coombe Wood, Kingston Hill, Surrey. — Catalogue of 

 Hardy Trees, Shrubs, Coniferce, American Plants, Sec. 1S64-5. 



TO CORRESPONDENTS. 



* # * We request that no one will write privately to the de- 

 partmental writers of the " Journal of Horticulture, 

 Cottage Gardener, and Country Gentleman." By so 

 doing they are subjected to unjustifiable trouble and 

 expense. All communications should therefore be ad- 

 dressed solely to The Editors of the Journal of Horticul- 

 ture, %c, 171, Fleet Street, London. E.G. 

 N.B. — Many questions must remain unanswered until next 

 week. 

 Caterpillars on Cabeageworts (T. Record).— As far as we can discern 

 from your brief description they are the offspring of two or more of the 

 white cabbage butterflies (Pontia brassica and P. napa?) and of the cabbage- 

 moth (Mamestrabrassicm). "Why they at one time preferred your neigh- 

 bour's crops, and now have selected yours, defies our penetration. You, 

 nave no remedy but hand-picking. 



