358 



JOUENAi OF HORTICULTURE AND COTTAGE GARDENER. [ November 1, 18G4. 



rather than otherwise. 'Wooden or asphalt coverings are 

 capital things for keeping the borders in a right; state as to 

 heat and dryness. 



After this rain preparations should be made for planting, 

 replanting, and root-pruning fruit trees, according as their 

 circumstances may require. Many kinds of fruit liable to 

 have the wood cankered and spongy, will be kept healthy 

 and well ripened if the trees are lifted and replanted every 

 two or three years. These when surface-mulched and re- 

 planted in good time in the autumn will scarcely feel the 

 effects of the moving more than their making for some time 

 less vigorous wood, which will, consequently, be better 

 ripened, and more furnished with fruit-buds. For all small 

 gardens especially, these stunted but yet healthy and fruit- 

 ful trees are the things to be aimed at, so that you can walk 

 about the tree, and do to it everything it needs on terra 

 firma, and require no long dangerous ladders on which to 

 mount and lean to some tempting branch until ladder and 

 you come to grief. 



There is with hardier trees often two ways of attaining 

 the same result. You may wish to fill a certain space with 

 wood quickly, and not mind sacrificing fruit at first to 

 growth. In that case you may encourage rather strong 

 growth, and then, when the space is nearly filled, relift and 

 plant or root-prune carefully in September, and if you have 

 a fine autumn you will most likely have a preponderance of 

 fruit over growth for some years afterwards. 



ORNAMENTAL DEPARTMENT. 



As soon as the ground is moist enough, all sorts of shrubs, 

 and evergreens especially, should be planted or replanted. 

 If the ground is still dry the holes may be opened, and thus 

 the exposed soil will be ameliorated, and any stopping or 

 pruning that the head requires should be given though it 

 would have been better if that had been done a month ago, 

 or more, as was previously alluded to. Any shrubs or trees 

 deemed rather tender for the climate, should be planted on 



knolls, so that the more limited growth in consequence may I be good stuff. — E. F 

 be better consolidated. The stronger Eoses may be at least 

 partially pruned, to prevent the winds swaying them so as 

 to affect the roots. Tender Teas, &c, in beds, in cold places, 

 may as well be taken up and put in thickly by the heels 

 in a sheltered place, or under a shed with some hay or fern 

 ready at hand to place among the branches, if severe frost 

 should come suddenly. 



Laying turf may be proceeded with as soon as the turf is 



damped sufficiently to render watering unnecessary. This is 



better done now than in spring, chiefly for three reasons — 



first, it is more pleasant to do the work, and there is more 



time generally to spare for the doing it, and it will be 



well consolidated and levelled before spring, and want thus 



scarcely any attention then, which it will do if deferred until 



March or so, and the weather should prove dry and parching. 

 We have frequently known old pasture because not level 



enough for a lawn, dug or trenched down to admit of the 



ground being levelled, and then great trouble and expense 



incurred to obtain what was considered good turf from the 



sides of some country road, though most likely well-stored 



with the little plants and the seeds of Daisies, Plantains, 



&c. A better plan in most cases would be to roll the rough 



pasture, mow it close, and sweep it hard, and then take up 



and replace again as you level, and if you think proper, 



scatter a little Dutch Clover and a few fine Bents over the 



turf before you finally roll it down. 



We have at last taken up some Cloth of Gold, Golden 



Chain, Alma, and other Geraniums, and in taking them up 



the secret was disclosed how they stood so well with us in 



this dry season when we had no water to give them. We 



traced the roots of many fully 3 feet down. Could the Cal- 

 ceolaria be induced to send its roots down like the Geranium, 



it, too, would stand the dry weather better. That we got on 



as we did in such a season we have no doubt, as we pre- 

 viously stated, was owing to the deep stirring of the ground. 



We found Geranium roots much deeper than the above, but 



we question if they would thus have found then' way down 



so easily, if there had been a hard pan some 12 inches from 



the surface, that no utensil or pointed lever-power had ever 

 broken up. Just before the wet we also managed to go over 

 a great quantity of small cuttings in pots and boxes, stirring 

 up the surface soil with a pointed stick, and in many in- 

 stances removing a portion where there was the least sign 



of damp or fungus, arid replacing with a sprinkling of fresh 

 loam, rendered light by drift sand and charcoal dust. We 

 shall be anxious to keep these as much as we can under pro- 

 tection out of doors as long as possible, instead of cramming 

 fruit-houses at once. Will also take care that no plants or 

 boxes of plants are housed for the winter until satisfied of 

 their being free from all kinds of insects, as it is of little use 

 cleaning houses as a preventive of evil, and then let the evil 

 enter with our own consent. 



As stated some weeks ago, Auriculas, Polyanthuses, Car- 

 nations, and the more tender alpines, should now be protected 

 from soaking rains, and whenever frost is feared earth should 

 be piled several inches high round the stems of Dahlias to 

 prevent the buds being affected. Gave all the air possible 

 to Chinese Primroses, Violets, Mignonette, Cinerarias, &c. 

 Tree or pyramidal plants of Mignonette, the best of all for 

 winter cutting, should be kept in rather a dry atmosphere. 

 Brought on forcing plants very gradually, and lessened the 

 bulk of the climbers in greenhouse and conservatory to give 

 more light to the plants beneath. Washed off the roughof 

 the shading that had been given to such houses and pits 

 and frames in summer, to lessen evaporation when we were 

 so short of water. Gave all the light and air possible to 

 stove plants to firm their growth, and helped them also_ in 

 damp weather with a brisk fire for two or three hours during 

 the day. 



Charring.— From the most unpromising rubbish we ob- 

 tained a load or two of small charred material, and the 

 remainder, being more twigs with leaves than anything else, 

 we will burn, and with it a great lot of earth and weeds ; 

 the produce will lighten parts of our heavy land. 



Getting up some turf for future composts from a paddock 

 where a "road is to he formed, and the sides planted, has 

 occupied, and will occupy, a good deal of time. We allowed 

 the material to be slightly damped, and then commenced 

 building it in stacks 4 feet wide. By next summer it will 



COVENT GARDEN MARKET.— Octobee 29. 



We have nothins fresh to report. Grapes continue plentiful, and Pines 

 are still scare"- in Aoples and Pears the kinds remain the same, and the 

 supply is heavv. Large importations of foreign Grapes are still arriving, 

 also Oranges of the new crop, but the latter not in bulk; as yet. 

 the consignments are very heavy. 



Of Potatoes 



FRUIT. 



Apples 4 sieve 



Apricots doz. 



Cherries lb. 



Chestnuts bush. 



Currants, P.ed...^ sieve 



Black do. 



Figs doz. 



Filberts & Kuts 10(1 lbs. GO 



Cobs do. 70 



Gooseberries ...J sieve 

 Grapes, HamburgllB lb. 1 



Muscats 3 



d. 

 to 2 



Lemons , 



.100 5 



b. d. s. 



Melons each 



Mulberries punnet 



N'ectarines doz. 



G to 4 

 



Oranges . 



100 10 



Peaches doz. 4 



Pears (kitchen). ..bush. S 



dessert doz. 1 



Pine Apples lb. G 



Plums i sieve 2 



Pomegranates each 



Qainces 4 sieve 2 



Raspberries lb. 



Walnuts br.sh. 14 



Artichokes each 



Asoaragus bundle 



Beans Broad \ sieve 



Kidney 4 sieve 



Beet, Red doz. 



Broccoli bundle 



BrusselsSprouts 4 sieve 



Cabbage doz. 



Capsicums 100 



Carrots bunch 



Cauliflower doz. 



Celery bundle 



Cucumbers each 



pickling doz. 



Endive score 



Fennel bunch 



Sarlic and Shallots, lb. 

 Herbs bunch 



VEGETABLES 

 rl 

 6 



d. s. 

 4 toO 

 



Horseradish ... bundle 



Leeks bunch 



Lettuce score 



Mushrooms pottle 



Mustd. & Cress, punnet 



Onions bunch 



pickling quart 



Parsley ...doz. bunches 



Parsnips 1 doz. 



Peas quart 



Potatoes .........bushel 



Radishes doz. bunches 



Savnvs doz. 



Sea-kale baskot 



Spinach , sieve 



Tomatoes 4 sieva 



Turnip* bunch 



YegetableMarrows doz. 



A. i. 



6 to 5 

 2 

 

 G 



TRADE CATALOGUE RECEIVED. 

 William Chater, Saffron Walden Nursery.— Catalogue of 

 Superb DvuhU Hollyhocks and Choice Pansies. 



1864-65. 



