OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 41 



more Oriole {^Icterus galbtda), Vesper Sparrow i^Pooecetes gram- 

 ineus), Chipping Sparrow {^Spizella socialis) , Field Sparrow 

 {Spizella pusilla) , Indigo Bunting (yCyanospiza cyajiea) , Scarlet 

 Tanager {^Piranga erythromelas) ^ Loggerhead (or Migrant) 

 Shrike {La7iiiis ludoviciamcs) , Pine Warbler {Deiidroica vigor- 

 sii) , Catbird {Galeoscoptes caroliiiensis) , Brown Thrasher {Tox- 

 stoma rufimi) , House Wren {^Troglodytes aedon) , White-breast- 

 ed Nuthatch {Sitta carolinejisis) , and Bluebird {^Sialia sialis) . 

 Others of these southern birds barely reach the valle3^s of the low- 

 er part of the state, or follow them up for onlj^ a short distance. 

 Thus the Green Heron {Ardea znrescens) follows the streams 

 and lakes of central New Hampshire as far as Winnipesaukee, 

 and a few occur in the lake basin be3'0nd to Ossipee, but from 

 the Transition valleys of the White Mountains it is absent. 

 The range of the White Oak {Oaercits alba) in New Hamp- 

 shire nearly coincides with that of this heron. The tree is one 

 of the more southern varieties and its distribution in the state 

 has been mapped in a general way by W. F. Flint in Hitch- 

 cock's Report. It is not uncommon as far north as Holderness 

 and Ossipee, and in the Connecticut valley slightly farther 

 north at Hanover. Wild Turkeys (yMeleagris gallopavo fera) 

 informer times, and Bob- whites (Colimts virginianus) appear 

 normally to find their breeding range to the south of Lake 

 Winnipesaukee. The Yellow-throated Vireo ( Vireo fiavifrons) 

 is another bird of this class. It becomes rare in the upper 

 Merrimack valley, and in the central part of the state is not yoX. 

 known to occur north of the Lake. The single bird observed 

 by Mr. Bradford Torrey at Franconia is evidently a straggler. 

 So, too, of the Grasshopper Sparrow {Ammodramics savanna- 

 rum, pas serimts) ^ Bartramian Sandpiper {Bartra?nia longicauda) 

 and Cowbird {Molothrus ater)^ few seem ever to pass regularly 

 north of Lake Winnipesaukee in the central and eastern parts 

 of the state, although the broad Connecticut valle}^ in the west, 

 carries several of these species farther northward than they oc- 

 cur in the eastern regions. Thus the Cowbird is common in 

 this valley at least as far up as Lancaster, though practically 

 absent in summer from the entire White Mountain region. 



