44 PROCEEDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE 



It is clear that a "line" cannot be sharply drawn between 

 the Transition zone and the Canadian zone directly above it as 

 some have attempted to do, but the boundaries of the two over- 

 lap and interdigitate in a most intricate manner and much yet 

 remains to be done towards the determination in a precise way 

 . of the details of distribution of the two areas in New Hamp- 

 shire. 



Canadian. This faunal area is very well marked and em- 

 braces much of the forested area of the state. Two divisions may 

 be distinguished, the sub-Canadian and the upper Canadian. 

 The sub- Canadian includes the whice pine woods, the mixed 

 hemlock, beech, birch and maple forests and occasional red 

 spruce thickets of the lower half of the state from nearly the 

 600 foot level up to about 3,000 feet among the White Moun- 

 tains, varying more or less according to slope exposure or local 

 condition. These woods, though in the main rather dry, are 

 nevertheless well watered bj" the man}' little mountain brooks, 

 which by their coldness, often carry down along their courses 

 tongues of the damp, richer upper Canadian vegetation. 

 Among the White Mountains, these lower woods are for the 

 most part mixed beech, hemlock, canoe and yellow birch, poplar, 

 together with more or less red spruce. The forest floor is damp, 

 with an undergrowth of mountain and striped maple, cornels, 

 and hobble bushes, especially along the little streams, and here 

 breed Black-throated Blue Warblers {Dendivica ccBiiclescens), 

 Magnolia Warblers {Dendroica maculosa')., Water-Thrushes 

 {Seiufics noveboracensis) , Mourning Warblers {Geothlypis phil- 

 adelphia), Canadian Warblers {Wiisonia canadensis)., Winter 

 Wrens {Olbiorchilus hicma/is), Golden-crowned Kinglets {Reg- 

 it Ins satrapa) and Olive-backed Thrushes {Hylocichla nstidata 

 szvainsonii), while among the forest trees close at hand live 

 Hairy Woodpeckers {Dryobates villosus)^ Yellow-bellied Sap- 

 suckers { Sphyrapicns varins) , Northern Pileated Woodpeckers 

 {CeopJilojus pileatns abieticola") ., Olive-sided Fl5'Catchers {Conto- 

 pus borealis), Blue-headed Vireos ( Vii'eo solitarins), Blackbur- 

 nian Warblers {Dendroica blackburnice) ., American Brown 

 Creepers {Certliia famiiiaris americana), and Red-breasted 



