OF ARTS AND SCIENCES. 93 



and on Tripjramid (4,184 ft.) where Mr. F. H. Allen saw two 

 in June, 1894, and Mr. R. W. Gray one on Aug. 6, 1899; one 

 was also seen by Mr. Allen on Mt. Osceola (4,352 ft.) in the ear- 

 ly part of the summer of 1898. In the primeval forest of the 

 East Branch of the Pemigewasset, on August 4, 1902, I observed 

 a single bird in a thick balsam swamp so low as 2,000 feet, and 

 another was seen the day previous at about 4,000 feet on a spur 

 of Mt. Hancock. There seems to be no movement of these 

 birds tow^ard the valle37S even in severe winter weather. Mr. 

 C. J. Maynard ('72) speaks of the bird as common thirty years 

 ago at L,ake Umbagog, where eggs w^ere taken in the latter part 

 of May, and j^oung seen on June 15. On the Carter Range, I 

 saw, on July 24, 1899, an adult female, in company with a young 

 bird, hardly larger than a Bob-white, but able to fly readily. 

 Two full grown young were seen together on the same range, 

 Sept. 14, 1900. The crop of a fine male shot on this range in 

 1901, was found to contain a quantity of balsam needles. 



96. Boiiasa unibellvis tog-ata (lyinn.). Canadian 

 Ruffed Grouse. 



A rather common permanent resident of general distribution, 

 being found throughout all the wooded country from the Transi- 

 tion valle3^s to the upper limit of scrub growth on the White 

 Mountains. 



Tj'pical examples of B . 2cvibellics iimbelhis apparently do not 

 occur in New Hampshire. Birds from the southeastern portions 

 of the state are usually more or less intermediate, but nearer 

 togata. Specimens which I have seen from the White Moun- 

 tains seem quite typical of the northern bird, and as stated by 

 Mr. William Brewster ('95, p. 406, foot-note) " the dark gray 

 birds which inhabit the primitive coniferous forests of northern 

 Maine and New Hampshire and western Massachusetts are all 

 nearly, or quite typical representatives of togata.''' 



From year to year, their numbers are subject to more or less 

 variation according as the season is favorable or not. Kntire 

 broods remain together throughout the breeding season, and 

 until w^ell into the fall, wandering about in the woods, and be- 

 coming quite fat on a diet of various berries, leaves, and buds. 



