164 PROCKKDINGS MANCHESTER INSTITUTE 



the higher mountains of the outlying Sandwich range, which 

 includes several peaks of 4,000 feet or over, Mr. F. H. Allen 

 has found this species in summer and in this same region has 

 noted it in the Mad River Notch at Greeley's Ponds (2,000 feet) 

 and in small numbers as low as 1,500 feet near Waterville. 

 Frank Bolles ('93b) also mentions having come upon a pair of 

 these birds on July 14, on a high ridge of Chocorua. Among 

 the White Mountains^the birds are found throughout the damp 

 balsam forest above 3,000 feet on southern slopes, though on 

 the north sides of the mountains they breed at a much lower al- 

 titude, following down the cool mountain streamlets. This in- 

 fluence of slope exposure on distribution was well seen in a 

 walk through the Pinkham Notch on June 23, 1900. Starting 

 at a point below the Glen House on the north side of the divide, 

 the road gradually rises until the height of 2,000 feet is reached 

 and it then decends on the southern slope of the divide, to- 

 wards the Saco valley. On the north side of the divide, I noted 

 a number of Black-poll Warblers on this walk from an altitude 

 of 1,500 feet to the top of the water shed, 2,000 feet at the high- 

 way. They were among the fir balsams and spruces by the 

 roadside in the valley of the West Branch of the Peabody river 

 which flows out from the Great Gulf. Not a Black-poll was 

 heard or seen on the south side of the divide, nor was the vege- 

 tation so well suited to theirVequirements, being mostly of mix- 

 ed and deciduous growth. The 3,000 foot limit is^about as far 

 down on the south slopes of the mountains as the bird breeds, 

 except of course where peculiar local conditions obtain ; and 

 from that height up to the limit of scrub growth, at from 4,800 

 to 5,000 feet, it is one of the most characteristic birds of the 

 mountain-top fauna. Most of the Black-polls cease singing by 

 August, though on trips into their country during the last week 

 of that month, I have heard a few still in song. On September 

 14, 1900, while in camp at Carter Notch (3,360 feet) where the 

 birds are common all summer, I observed an individual in the 

 fall plumage as it sang again and again among the stunted fir 

 trees ; and during a long walk over the range on the same day 

 two or three others were heard singing. On the following 

 morning, September 15th, what may have been the same bird as 



