24-1 



The Muschelkalk, however, occupies some space in Upper Silesia 

 and Poland, and contains most of its characteristic fossils. 



The Jurassic and Alpine limestones extend over a large portion 

 of the Map ; and the dolomite, the upper beds of which abound 

 with Madrepores, Encrinites, Diceras, and Terebratulee, is overlaid 

 by the Carpathian or Vienna sandstone (Andrychow, &c). 



The Carpathian sandstone fills a cavity between a range of true 

 Alpine limestone on one side, and Jura limestone on the other, and 

 is easily divisible into three parts. 



1 . The lowest division is marly and calcareous, containing Fu- 

 coides intricatus and F.Jurcalus, and has been mistaken on Schropp's 

 Map for transition limestone. It is cut through by dykes of ser- 

 pentine and greenstone. 



2. The middle group is more quartzose. 



3. The highest is characterized by reddish marls, several beds 

 of ruiniform, compact limestone, some Fucoides, Encrinites, Lepa- 

 dites, Tellinites, resembling those of Solenhofen ; Posidonia, Tere- 

 bratulae, Ammonites, and Belemnites. This triple system of the 

 Carpathians is overlaid by a group of sandstone which the author 

 considers to be the "green-sand;" this is composed of conglome- 

 rate, nummulite limestone, and green, calcareous beds with Gry- 

 phcea columba, Ostrea vesicularis, &c, also with superior beds re- 

 sembling the Planer Kalk of the Germans. The greensand of Mo- 

 ravia has all the characters of that of North-western Europe, pass- 

 ing upwards into a superior, marly greensand, with fossils, and form- 

 ing long, continuous plateaux. For details the author here refers 

 to previous publications of his own, and to sections with which his 

 Map is accompanied. 



Chalk does not exist in the Carpathians, nor could the author 

 recognise it at Cracow, the limestone of which he refers to the 

 Upper Jurassic, although he states that chalk is found in the plains 

 of Poland, Eastern Gallicia, Podolia, Volhynia, and Southern 

 Russia. 



The tertiary deposits of the countries described, though be- 

 longing to two distinct basins, have everywhere the same cha- 

 racters. The low grounds of Gallicia are supposed to have 

 formed a part of the great basin of Northern Europe, which must 

 have connected the Baltic with the Black Sea, and perhaps with 

 th e seas and lakes of Asia. The tertiary beds of Moravia, on the 

 contrary, he considers to have been deposited in an arm of that 

 sea, which must have occupied the great depressions of Hungary 

 and Austria, communicating with the Mediterranean through Ba- 

 varia and Switzerland, inasmuch as these deposits, whether on 

 the North or on the South of the Carpathians, have a common 

 ch aracter. The various tertiary groups are identified with those 

 of the sub-Apennines ; the blue marls, and yellow, sandy marls, 

 besides the characteristic shells, contain salt, sulphur, gypsum, 

 &c. ; and in some parts there are fresh-water shells, including the 

 Mytilus of the Danube. In respect to the place of the salt of 

 Wieliczka, the author, differing from MM. von Lill and Keferstein 



