330 



Frankfort. In the environs of Mayence, Wisbaden, &c. it is shown 

 that they pass upwards into a great estuary deposit of white limestone 

 and marl, in which fluviatile and land-shells greatly predominate over 

 those of marine origin, and at Monbach are associated with bones 

 of large mammalia ; so that the author inclines to the belief of the 

 previous existence of a vast estuary or brackish lake in this spot, the 

 waters of which have been let off by the fissure through the Taunus 

 Mountains in which the Rhine now flows. 



The low countries of Westphalia, Osnabruch, Briinde, &c. are 

 specially cited as regions in which a vast development of tertiary 

 marine strata exists ; and little doubt is entertained that when fully 

 examined they will afford representatives of most of the formations 

 from the calcaire grossier to the crag inclusive, the latter having 

 been already discovered at Antwerp, &c. 



The deposits of unmixed lacustrine origin in central and southern 

 Germany, such as Oettingen,Steinheim,&c.are merely named, having 

 been already alluded to in a memoir upon CEningen, in which the 

 author endeavoured to prove that deposit to be one of the most recent 

 on the surface of the earth $ and he terminates this communication 

 with an account of a more newly discovered accumulation of the 

 same nature at Georges Gemiind near Roth, which, from its organic 

 remains, is proved to be of an age intermediate between the gypseous 

 period of the Paris basin, and the youngest lacustrine formations. 

 Beds of sandy marl, and whitish concretionary limestone are said to 

 occur in isolated patches, crowning low hills of keuper sandstone at 

 heights of about 150 feet above the present drainage of the district, 

 and containing subordinate layers of calcareous, ferruginous and 

 bony breccia, in portions of which, collected by the author, Mr. Pent- 

 land has discovered Palceotherium magnum ; Anoplotherium, a new 

 species, resembling A. commune, and a new genus allied to Anthraco- 

 therium or Lophiodon. Mr. Clift has identified fragments of the teeth 

 and bones of the hippopotamus, ox, bear, &c. Count Munster had pre- 

 viously collected from the same place, remains nearly similar, with the 

 addition of Palceotherium Orleani, Mastodon minutum, Rhinoceros pyg- 

 m&us (Munster), Ursus spelceus, and a small species of fox. Judging 

 from the appearances on the spot and the evidences there offered of 

 the gradual accumulation of this deposit, the author is of opinion that 

 all these animals were of contemporaneous existence, and that this 

 intermixture of quadrupeds of so old a period as the gypseous lime- 

 stone of Paris, with others, the genera of which now inhabit our pre- 

 sent continents, has supplied a valuable link in the chain of fossil 

 zoological affinities. 



The following books are referred to in the memoir: Keferstein, 

 Teutschland, Geognostisch-geologisch Dargestelt ; with Maps, &c. — 

 Boue, Synoptische Darstellung. — Boue", Geognostisches Gemalde 

 von Deutschland, 1829. — Merian, Umgebungen von Basel, J821. — 

 Hoffmann, Nord-westiichen-Deutschland ; with Maps, Sections, &c. 

 Berlin, 1830. — Klipstein, Kupferschiefergebirge der Wetterau und 

 des Spessarts, Darmstadt, 1830. — Alberti, Die gebirge des Koni- 

 greich's Wurtemberg, 1828. — Schwatzenberg, Petrographische carte 



