402 



The author, in conclusion, compares the Titterstone basalt with the 

 trap of Rowley Regis, and points out their agreement in geological 

 position and mineralogical structure. 



A paper was then read " On a large Boulder-stone on the Shore of 

 Appin, Argyleshire," bv James Maxwell, Esq., and communicated by 

 William Smith, Esq., F.G.S., F.R.S., &c. &c. 



This boulder-stone consists of a granitic compound of quartz, fel- 

 spar, and mica ; the last mineral being the principal ingredient. Its 

 form is irregular, but the angles have been rounded. The greatest 

 vertical circumference is forty-two feet, and the greatest horizontal 

 thirty-eight feet. It is supported on three smaller stones, each about 

 six inches thick ; one of them being a granite of a paler colour than 

 that which composes the boulder itself; and the other two consisting 

 of argillaceous ironstone. The formation on which the supports rest 

 is a slaty, calcareous sandstone. Numerous other granitic boulders 

 occur in this part of Scotland, but no rock in situ from which they 

 could have been derived. 



A third paper was read "On the Discovery of Bones of a Rhinoceros 

 and a Hya?na in one of the Cefn Caves, situated in the Vale of Cyffre- 

 dan, Derbyshire," by the Rev. Edward Stanley, F.G.S , &c. 



The author commences his memoir by describing the physical fea- 

 tures of the district, and the present mode by which its waters are 

 drained. He then shows that if the pass between the Cefn and 

 Galltfaen cliffs were filled up, the river Elwy would be converted into 

 an extensive lake which would occupy the vale of Cyft'redan, on the 

 eastern side of which the Cefn caves are situated. The lowest cave, 

 raised but a few feet along the level of the river, forms a natural arch- 

 way penetrating through the limestone cliff and affording a passage 

 for a road. In its lateral ramifications, human hones, the horns of a 

 deer, and works of art have been found, hut no remains of extinct 

 animals. About one hundred feet above the level of the valley, two 

 other caves are situated in the face of the precipitous, limestone cliff ; 

 but only one of them has been examined, and it is to this cave that 

 the»memoir in particular refers. When it was first discovered, the 

 interior, from the level of the entrance to a short distance from the 

 roof, was occupied by calcareous loam, in which a few angular masses 

 of limestone, part of the humerus of a rhinoceros, teeth of a hysena, 

 and numerous fragments of bones were found. Beneath this accu- 

 mulation, and beneath what had been considered the floor of the cave, 

 the author ascertained the existence of another deposit of similar 

 loam 5 but containing, besides, fragments of bones and small portions 

 of wood, rounded pebbles of greywarke. 



The cave was found to have several branches, one of which was 

 traced, in a southern direction, through the hill till it terminated in 

 the face of the escarpment opposite the Galltfaen cliff; but the real 

 extent of the other branches has not been determined. 



The author, after these details, enters into an inquiry respecting 

 the former physical structure of the district, and the mode by which 

 the contents of the cave were deposited in the position in which they 

 were found. He conceives that either the vale of Cyffredan was 



