407 



a cross-course, but are both heaved towards the right or to the same 

 hand. 



A Notice of a Submarine Forest in Cardigan Bay, by the Rev. James 

 Yates, M.A. F.G.S. and L.S. was afterwards read. 



This forest extends along the coast of Merionethshire and Cardi- 

 ganshire, being divided into two parts by the estuary of the river 

 Dovey, which separates those counties. It is bounded on the land 

 side by a sandy beach and a wall of shingles. Beyond this wall is a 

 tract of bog and marsh formed by streams of water which are partially 

 discharged by oozing through the sand and shingles. The author ar- 

 gues that, as the position of the wall is liable to change, it may have 

 inclosed the part which is now submarine, and that it is not necessary 

 to suppose a subsidence effected by subterranean agency. 



The remains of the forest are covered by a bed of peat, and are 

 distinguished by an abundance of PhoLas Candida and Teredo navalis. 



Among the trees of which the forest consisted is the Pinussylvestris, 

 or Scotch fir j and it is shown that this tree abounded anciently in 

 several northern counties of England. The natural order of Coni- 

 fers may thus be traced from the period of the independent coal 

 formation to the middle of the seventeenth century, although the 

 Scotch fir is now excluded from the native Flora. 



The amentaceous wood presents matter for reflection, in consequence 

 of the perfect preservation of its vascular structure, while the con- 

 tents of the vessels are entirely dissipated. 



This tract is known to the Welsh under the name of Cantrev 

 Gwaelod, i. e. the Lowland Hundred. The author refers to the Triads 

 of Britain, and to other ancient Welch testimonies, which prove that 

 it was submerged about A. D. 520, and ascribe the disaster to the 

 folly of" Seitheryn, the Drunkard, who in his drink let the sea over 

 the Cantrev Gwaelod." 



A paper entitled " Notices on the Geology of the North-west of the 

 Counties of Mayo and Sligo," by the Venerable Archdeacon Vers- 

 choyle,and communicated by Roderick lmpey Murchison, Esq. P.G.S. 

 was also begun. 



Nov. 21. — George Wilbraham, Esq, M.P., Upper Seymour Street ; 

 Francis Jervoise Ellis, Esq. B.A. of King's Bench Walk, Temple ; 

 George Bentham, Esq. F.L.S. and Sec. Hort. S. ; and Jedediah S. 

 Tucker, Esq. of Tremarton Castle, Cornwall, and Pump Court, 

 Temple; were elected Fellows of this Society. 



The reading of Archdeacon Verschoyle's paper, begun at the meet- 

 ing held on the 7th of November, was concluded. 



The author divides his memoir into two parts ; in the first he gives 

 a topographical description of the country, and in the second a detailed 

 account of the different formations of which it is composed. 



I. The district described is situated in the western part of the pro- 

 vince of Connaught, and is bounded on the N. and W. by the Atlantic. 

 Through the eastern portion a primary chain, called the Ox moun- 

 tains, having a mean height of 1300 feet, extends in a N.E. and S.W. 

 direction. The north side of the chain rises at a considerable angle, 

 and terminates in a series of abrupt, rocky peaks ; but the plane which 

 forms the southern declivity is much more gradual in its inclination. 



