PROCEEDINGS 



OF 



THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. 



1833. No. 32. 



May 15. — George Wareing Ormerod, Esq., B.A., of Brasenose 

 College, Oxford, and of Ardwick, Lancashire; Viscount Borringdon, 

 of Kent House, Knightsbridge; James Garth Marshall, Esq., Head- 

 ingley near Leeds; Samuel Chartres, Esq., Capt. Royal Artillery, 

 Bath ; Damiano Floresi, Esq., Commissioner of the Bolanos and 

 Vetu Grande Mines in Mexico; and Joseph Prestwich, jun. Esq., of 

 the Lawn, South Lambeth, were elected Fellows of this Society. 



A paper was first read entitled " Observations on the Cliffs in the 

 Neighbourhood of Harwich, made in December 1832," by James 

 Mitchell, Esq., LL.D., F.G.S. 



The principal object of this paper is to give a detailed de- 

 scription of the beds of London clay, as they appeared in the 

 Harwich cliffs at the time the author visited the spot. After point- 

 ing out the physical features of the line of coast, the effects which 

 the sea has produced upon the cliffs, and the means which have 

 been taken to defend them, he proceeds to give an enumera- 

 tion of the beds presented in a cliff which begins about 300 yards 

 to the south of the lighthouse, and extends for rather more than a 

 mile. The greatest height of the cliff is stated to be 35 feet, and 

 the escarpment, where examined by the author, to present the fol- 

 lowing details : — 



Vegetable soil 



Clay containing numerous chalk flints and rolled 



pebbles 1 foot. 



Red clay separated into beds by whitish or greenish 



streaks, about 20 feet. 



Cement marl or indurated marl, two strata separated 



by a bed of clay 2 



Cement stone 10 inches. 



Blue clay divided into two beds by a whitish streak, 



about . 7 feet, 



The lines of stratification are stated to be not horizontal at this 

 point, but to have a gentle anticlinal dip. 



In the prolongation of the cliff to the south, the face of the escarp- 

 ment is said to be divided into only four thick horizontal beds. 



Two strata of the cement stone are stated to occur in the neigh- 



