485 



He also remarks that the columns of the Apiocrinitesare never found 

 erect, but appear to have been thrown into their present, horizontal 

 position by the superincumbent weight of clay at the moment of 

 deposition. He supports this opinion by the fact that the columns, 

 though in general separated from the roots, have their terminations 

 almost invariably directed towards them,— an arrangement which he 

 believes could not have occurred, had they been broken oif and 

 swept from their pedicles by a strong current. 



The fossils contained in the yellow clay bed E, are Terebratuke, 

 Ostreas, Echini, palatal bones, numerous small corals, and the three 

 species of Apiocrinites already mentioned. The remains of the latter 

 are abundant, but in this bed, as in the stratum B, the Apiocrinites 

 elongatus is the most rare. 



The author next proceeds to draw the distinctive characters of 

 the genus Apiocrinites, and afterwards those of the three species 

 above enumerated. The memoir was illustrated by drawings and 

 very fine specimens of the fossils. 



"A paper upon some tertiary deposits in the province of Granada, 

 and part of that of Sevilla, and along the line of coast from Malaga 

 to Cartagena, in the South of Spain," by Col. Charles Silvertop, 

 F.G.S., was then read. 



The province of Granada is bounded on the south by the Medi- 

 terranean and on the north by the Sierra Morena, embracing a 

 district of about 120 miles in breadth. The distance from Malaga 

 to Cartagena is equal to about 250 English miles. Parallel to the 

 Mediterranean and not far distant from its shores, the district is 

 traversed by a ridge of mountains to which the author applies the 

 name of the Sierra Nevada, though this appellation refers properly 

 only to the highest portion of the chain. 



After briefly alluding to the primary and transition formations 

 which constitute the central ridge of the Sierras, to the secondary 

 sandstone and limestone on their flanks, and to the igneous or 

 trappean rocks which appear in various parts of the country examined, 

 the author enters into a minute description of the tertiary formations. 

 These deposits he divides into two distinct districts, one bordering 

 the shore of the Mediterranean and situated between it and the 

 southern foot of the Sierra Nevada, and the other occupying por- 

 tions of the district, between this chain of mountains and the south- 

 ern base of the Sierra Morena. 



The tertiary beds ranging along the coast from Malaga to Cartagena, 

 with occasional interruptions, are stated to consist of clay, sand, coarse 

 sandstone, conglomerate, sandy loam and marl, and friable limestone, 

 containing various shells and corals. In the neighbourhood of Ma- 

 laga they are divided into two groups distinguished by their fossil 

 contents, and stated, on the authority of M. Deshayes, to belong 

 to the Pliocene period of Mr. Lyell. 



The relative heights at which the beds occur are said to differ 

 considerably, being in some places almost on a level with the shore, 

 but at others at nearly 1000 feet above it. This difference the au- 

 thor conceives may have been produced by the protrusion of the 



