66 Grundtvig on Warblers of Wisconsin. [April 



growing along the banks of some ponds and old river courses. 

 My morning and afternoon excursions commenced regularly May 

 3, and extended down the Shioc, up the Wolf and then westward, 

 through the low shrubs and bushes, continually crossing and re- 

 crossing this inner strip of land. Between May 3 and 15 my 

 observations were the most important and exact, for after that 

 date many Warblers, concealed by the thick foliage, must have 

 escaped my notice. Here stormy days frequently favored me, as 

 the Warblers, during high winds, were generally noticed in low 

 bushes, on "wind-falls," old logs, and on the ground. At such 

 times they would often crowd together on banks, facing the wind, 

 possibly anxious to cross, but hardly daring to attempt it. During 

 the first part of May the water increased rapidly in height, until 

 I could with ease row everywhere throughout the timber, and as 

 my presence in a boat seldom alarmed them, I was enabled to 

 follow closely the various flocks as they passed from one tree 

 to another on their journey northward. 



Previous to April 30 Dendroeca coronata was the only War- 

 bler I noticed. On the 30th, however, a single Helminthophila 

 celata was taken, and the next day, when the wind, after having 

 been northerly for a long while, shifted to the west, several spec- 

 imens of Mniotilta varia and Dendrceca pahtiartiin arrived 

 May 2 the wind changed to the south and a few Helmintkophila 

 celata and Mniotilta varia were found intermingled with some 

 of the flocks of Dendrceca coronata. May 3, at about sunrise, 

 I took a single specimen of Dendrceca pinus ; possibly I over- 

 looked it the day before. About this time a gentle rain com- 

 menced falling, which continued most of the day. Towards 

 evening thousands of Warblers began to arrive, but owing to the 

 rapidly increasing darkness I was only able to partially examine 

 them. Among the new arrivals I found Partila americana^ 

 Dendroeca pennsylvanica., blackbzirnice., maczilosa., cestiva., and 

 Setophaga ruticilla. May 4 Helmintkophila ruficapilla., 

 Dendrceca virens^ and a single Protonotaria citrea were noticed. 



On the 5th this migration seemed to be somewhat checked by 

 a violent north wind, but by the 8th, after a whole night of rain, 

 the wind quieted down, and the trees and bushes were once more 

 literally alive with Warblers, so numerous, in fact, as to be ap- 

 parently all united into one immense flock. Dendroeca tigrina 

 and ccerulescens were the only new species observed. A cold, 



