30 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
Next day I took the train and travelled about 150 miles eastwards, 
to Slivno (or Sliven), in Roumelia. There I met the well known col- 
lector, Joseph Haberhauer, whom I had engaged to accompany me 
during my travels in Bulgaria. He is now an old man of 72, but still 
a keen collector, and probably the only person who knows anything of 
the Bulgarian butterflies. He has lived for many years at Slivno, and 
is well acquainted with that district; he has also collected during one 
summer (25 years ago) around the Rilo monastery, in the Rhodope, 
but could not give me much information as to other parts of the 
country.. I lodged in his house for a fortnight. 
Slivno is a large rambling town of 80,000 inhabitants, built quite 
in the Turkish fashion ; it is situated in a very warm corner, on the 
southern side of the east Balkans, surrounded by vineyard-hills, low 
and gently sloping to the south and west, but rising abruptly to a 
height of over 8000 feet to the north and east. The vineyards are 
mostly ill-cultivated, and many are left half wild—a state of affairs 
which suits the lepidoptera remarkably well. Higher up than the 
vineyards are stony pastures (over-grazed by sheep and goats) and 
rough oak scrub, which covers the northern slopes of these mountains 
so thickly as to be practically impassable except by the beaten tracks. 
Roads there are none to speak of. The geological formation of the 
lower hills is sandstone, to the west and south of the town, and water is 
very scarce there. But the ridges northwards and eastwards are gneiss, 
mica, or, granite, with precipitous sides, rocky gorges and abundant 
springs. ‘The Tschatalka is the most remarkable point near the town. 
May 28rd I tried the vineyards near Slivno, in hopes of getting 
Thais cerisyi, but it was yet too early for it, and I saw none. I got 
some nice insects in a little rough valley among the vineyards, of 
which the best were Coenonympha leander and Lycaena anteros 2 , both 
just out of chrysalis. I also took Pieris daplidice, Colias hyale, Thecla 
rubi, Melitaea cinaia, M. didyma, M. phoebe, Argynnis lathonia, A. 
euphrosyne, Lycaena cyllarus, L. ewmedon, L. bellargus, L. argiades, L. 
baton, L. astrarche, L. tolas (very common), Pararge maera (very dark 
and rather small), Syrichthus malvae, S. alveus, S. orbifer, Nisoniades 
tages, and many moths. 
Next day, May 24th, I went up one of the sandstone hills, west of 
the town, called the Turkenwald, about 2200 feet high, and found very 
good collecting ground on the top and higher slopes, nice open glades 
covered with rough grass, heath, and flowering plants, and well 
sheltered by low trees or thick oak scrub. OC. leander swa med among 
the bushes; on the top H’rebia medusa var. eumenis was flying in great 
numbers, and L. ewnedon with its var. fylgia was common on the 
blossoms of Geranium sanguineum. Besides these I took one specimen of 
Melitaea trivia, two of M. cinvia 2 , in which the ground colour of the 
wings was almost white, many Aryynnis niobe var. eris, Aporia crataegi, 
Anthocaris belia var. ausonia, and most of the insects of yesterday’s 
bag. I was also lucky enough to catch a splendid example of I. 
certsyt, Just out of chrysalis, as I was returning to the town. May 
25th was rather cloudy, so we hunted the vineyards near the town, get- 
ting eight fine 7’. cerisyi—all males, a very dark form of Lycaena orion, 
in great plenty, L. sebrus, A. adippe var. cleodowa, 8. orbifer, one 8. sidae, 
and some sundries. All this side of Slivno is very dry and stony. 
May 26th was again more or less cloudy, so we did not go into the 
