BULGARIAN BUTTERFLIES. 31 
mountains, but followed up the dry, stony bed of a torrent, which in 
winter pours down from the Tschatalka, to the north-east of Slivno. 
This is probably the best side of the town for insects, the gorges 
running down the steep and rocky flanks of the mountain are well 
watered, and abound in a great variety of plants, whilst the lower hills 
are more fertile than the stony vineyards to the south and west. I 
got a good many 7’. cerisyi here, though the sun was not bright at any 
time in the day. Further up, in a pretty glen, I found a considerable 
stream, forming a waterfall; and here I saw many insects, but nothing 
new, excepting Thecla ilicis and Chrysophanus alciphron. Next day, 
May 28th, was fine, so we started up the Tschatalka. It was a long 
and rather wearisome way, through the dirty straggling town, up 
through vineyards, and then along arid rocky slopes, till we reached 
the steep southern spur of the mountain, all overgrown with wild lilac. 
Round this we wound by a very steep path, which presently led us to 
the undulating plateau which forms the top, and stretches away 
for miles northward and eastward, with many stony eminences and 
higher rocky points, separated from each other by nice hollows and 
little valleys, full of mountain flowers, and now resplendent with 
gorgeous crimson peonies. The sheep had not yet come so high, and 
the flowers were in full beauty. The peony is the abode of a rare 
black and yellow beetle, of which Haberhauer took at least a hundred, 
whilst I searched a beautiful damp meadow, watered by a clear 
stream, for butterflies. Fritillaries swarmed here, but none in any 
way remarkable; P. mnemosyne, EH. medusa var. eumenis, and C. 
leander were plentiful, and close to the water, drinking on the damp 
erayel, I found the beautiful L. anteros in some numbers, but rather 
in bad order. In this meadow I also got one specimen of C. thersamon, 
which I unfortunately did not keep, as it was torn, and as I had taken 
it in plenty in Bosnia last year, and also near Sofia, I would not keep 
a bad specimen, expecting to see many more, but I never met with 
another during the whole time I was in Bulgaria. The day clouded 
over about 1.80, but I got a good many more L. anteros among the 
rocks of a dried-up watercourse, on the way down. Next day we again 
tried the sandstone hills west of the town, but got nothing new except 
L. semiargus var. parnassus (tolerably well marked) and a Sesia, which 
greatly interested Haberhauer. We went after this Sesta the next day 
to the same place, and got a good series of it, but very little else. It 
did not, after all, prove to be so valuable as Haberhauer had 
anticipated. I saw, but failed to catch, a remarkably fine A. pandora, 
in the vineyards above the town. 
May 80th was cold and sunless, but the 31st was fine, and we had 
a good day on the lower slopes and gorges of Tschatalka, in, and just 
above, the highest vineyards. We took Pieris ergane, a good specimen 
of P. chlorodice, just out, one A. pandora, one Melanargia larissa, a 
very dark M. galathea, numbers of M. trivia, which appears to be com- 
mon on most of the Bulgarian mountains, and three very fine large S. 
stdae. Thais cerisyt plentiful in the vineyards, C. alctphron, L. iolas, Spilo- 
thyrus lavaterae, and many other common things. I also took a fresh 
specimen of Macroglossa croatica, evidently just out. June 1st was not 
such a fine day, but we had some sun, returned to the same ground, 
and were lucky enough to get P. chlorodyce 9, L. semiaryus var. 
parnassus 9, A. pandora, S. sidae, M. galathea var. turcica, and two 1’. 
