66 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
the Rhodope (and probably of the Balkan peninsula). The difficulties 
of travelling in these valleys are much increased by their extraordinary 
steepness, they usually run north and south, like deep trenches cut i 
the granite, separated by high and very precipitous ridges, quite 
impracticable for baggage animals, so that to pass from one valley to 
another it is necessary to descend to the foothills, or to cross the pass 
at the head of the valley into Turkish territory, which we could not 
do, because we had failed to get permission to travel in Macedonia. 
Could we have worked the southern slopes, we might probably have 
found better weather, and a greater variety of insects. Before leaving 
camp on July 6th we hunted the mountain slopes immediately above 
us, and took EK. tyndarus in some numbers, it was almost exactly 
similar to the specimens taken by me last year on the Bosnian 
mountains, nearly approaching to var. ottomana, very large and bright, 
and the under side of the hindwings much tinged with reddish-brown. 
Riding down the valley we got nothing new till we reached the mouth 
of the gorge, where we had formerly encamped, and here we found a 
good many butterflies. P. apollo, just out, C. hyale, C. myrmidone 
(type and var. alba), EF. ligea, quite fresh, M. trivia, A. hecate 2 (rather 
worn), L. ewnedon, L. arion, C. tphis, C. arcana, and many other 
common things. We reached Samakov rather late, and found that 
old Haberhauer had broken his shin, and wanted to go home and nurse 
it—which was rather inconvenient, as it left us with only one man 
(the cook) who could speak German and interpret for us. However, 
we fortunately founda young Bulgarian, a pupil of the Anglo-American 
Mission at Samakov, who not only spoke English well, but had a taste 
for natural history, and collected insects in a somewhat primitive 
fashion. We engaged him as interpreter, and spent all the next day 
(which was stormy) getting horses, guide, &¢., at Samakov. At night 
we drove up to a little, bran-new, summer lodging establishment, 
about seven miles from the town, prettily situated in the forest that 
clothes the southern slopes of Musalla. 
July 8th was grey and stormy, and we could do no collecting till the 
afternoon, when we went out along some open ridges in the surround- 
ing woods, and found very good ground, and some variety in butterflies, 
our best take being L. eroides, in excellent order. F. ligea was just 
out, also L. aegon, EL. hyperanthus, A. dia, M. yalathea (rather dark), 
M. aurelia, &c. July 9th was another stormy day, so we did not go 
into camp, but pottered around Camkurje which is a very good place 
for collecting, but the weather was too bad for us to do it justice. FH. 
ligea and EH. ewryale were common, and we took S. sidae and many 
common fritillaries, in gleams of sunshine. On the 10th the weather 
looked better, so we started for the Marica valley, which we reached 
after a long and lovely ride across the mountains, descending by a 
steeply terraced track to our camping-place—we had great difficulty in 
finding any open place large enough, and flat enough, for our tents. 
We saw no remarkable butterflies all this day ; and never passed any 
inhabited dwelling. Our horses were stampeded about midnight, 
probably by a bear, but they could not go far in the thick forest and 
no damage was done. Next day broke fine and clear, and we proceeded 
up the valley, which continued for miles, deep, narrow, thickly wooded, 
and totally uninhabited. We passed several sawmills, but they were 
deserted as the harvest was going on. It looked like excellent ground 
