148 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
(1) The genuine guests, who receive true hospitality from their hosts, being 
either fed or licked, or both (Symphilen). 
(2) The indifferently tolerated lodgers, which stand in different degrees of 
intercourse, and are tolerated for different reasons (Synoeketen). 
(3) The hostile persecuted lodgers, who force themselves on their hosts, and 
generally live on them or their offspring as beasts of prey (Synechthren). 
(4) Parasites, both inner and outer, who spunge either in or on the ants, their 
offspring, or their guests. 
The number of true guests in the Myrmecophilous Coleoptera is 
very large, although we possess an exact knowledge of the habits of 
only a few species. We know a number are licked by the ants on 
account of a flowing etherealised oil which they obtain from certain 
organs of exudation. These organs are morphologically recognisable, 
and we can, therefore, reckon the number of beetles possessing them 
at 250 to 800. ‘To this élite among the ant guests we can place the 
Lomechusa group in the Staphylinidae, also the Clavigeridae, Gnostidae, 
Ectrephidae, most of the Paussidae and Thorictidae, the immense group 
in the Histeridae (Hetaertint), and lastly, several Nitidulidae (Amphotis), 
Silphidae (Lomechon), Scarabaeidae (Cremastochilus), and Brenthidae 
(Amorphocephalus). This, however, does not exhaust the list. I have 
just received from Camerun a new genus of Tenebrionidae, which has 
received the name Pogonowenus, on account of its moustache-like yellow 
tuft of hairs, and which is certainly a true guest. First of all among 
the true termite guests must be mentioned the fat (physogastren) genera 
Corotoca, Spirachtha, Termitogaster, Ternutobia, Xenogaster, Termitochara, 
Termitomorpha, and another undescribed genus Termitophya, just 
received from Father C. Heyer, S.J., in Rio grande do Sul, in the 
Staphylinidae. In the Scarabaeidae the genera Chaetopisthes and 
Termitodius belong to the true termite guests; and the larvee of Glyptus 
and Orthogonius in the Carabidae. The exudations obtained from the 
true guests among the Coleoptera, by the ants licking them, are more 
luxuries than real means of existence, as there are generally only a 
small number of such true guests in one nest. They obtain a more 
substantial means of subsistence from the honey-gathering plant, and 
shield lice, as well as the larve of the tropical Membracidae and 
Fulgoridae. These can only be reckoned among the true guests in so far 
as they are bound to the society of the ants, and are not sought by them 
at odd moments. The plant louse, Paracletus cimiciformis, Heyd., for 
instance lives regularly in the nest of Tetramorium caespitum, and is a 
so called ‘‘ honey-cow.’”’ The myrmecophilous caterpillars of the 
Lycaenidae are also connected with ants (symbiosis), they are sought 
by the ants on their food-plant, and licked and protected by them. 
The glands in the 11th segment which store the honey, must be 
considered as specially devoted to this purpose. These caterpillars 
often change to chrysalides in the nests or even live in them as 
caterpillars, as has been noticed in many species by Dr. Brauns at the 
Cape. 
The indifferently tolerated lodgers belong to many different classes 
of insects, such as spiders, mites, wood-lice, kc. Their number is in 
about the proportion of 10-1 to the true guests. They are generally 
tolerated for the reason that their hosts barely notice them, either 
because of their small size, as in Ptiliwn and many species of Staphy- 
linidae, or because of their slow moyements and wooden-like appearance, 
as in the genus Monotoma, or because their host is unsuccessful in his 
