154 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’ S RECORD. 
sides of the box, or even upon the earth. They are pale yellow at first, 
but become slaty-grey just previous to hatching. 
Larva.—In the first instar (pl. vil., figs. 2, 3) the crescent-topped 
hairs arise from pronounced tubercles situated on trianvular-shaped 
white spots. The tubercles bearing the crescent-shaped hairs are 
entirely distinct from, and additional to, the primary tubercles (i, 1, 
ill, iv, v, vi, &c.). The specialised tubercles and hairs above mentioned 
are situated above and behind the spiracles on the subdorsal area of 
the larva, on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th abdominal segments, quite 
at the extreme ventral posterior on the 5th, and on the dorsal area 
of the 8th. The spiracles on the abdominal segments 1-4 are just 
above the lateral flange, and the lateral flange itself is much higher up 
the sides of the larva on these segments than on any others, in fact it 
tends, on the segments in question, to be a subdorsal rather than lateral 
flange. On the 5th abdominal segment the white spot and specialised 
hair is situated on the lateral flange, on abdominal segments 1-4, both 
spots and hairs are well above the flange. The much greater altitude 
of the spots and hairs on these segments (1-4) being due, not only to 
the raising of the flange, but to an alteration in the position of the 
tubercles and hairs themselves. The white spots are not noticeable 
on any segments after the 5th abdominal, but there is a distinct white 
spot on the prothorax surrounding the spiracle, and another surround- 
ing the base of the lateral tubercle on the metathorax, which corres- 
ponds with tubercle iii of the abdominal segments. 
(To be continued.) 
Migration and Dispersal of Insects: Lepidoptera. 
By J. W. TUTT, F.E.S. 
The migration of Pyrameis cardui occurs uniformly in the spring, 
during April, May, and early June. One of the earliest recorded 
migrations of the species took place at Turin at the end of May, 1741; 
others are recorded in May, 1791, May, 1798, April 26th, 1851, and 
again on April 26th, 1857, all in Piedmont. Near Neuchatel, in 1826, 
a flight was observed which lasted for at least two hours, the stream 
of butterflies being from two to fifteen feet broad, and the same flight 
was noted on the same day at Granson, in the Canton Vaud. It is 
described as ‘‘an immense flight of butterflies, traversing the garden 
with great rapidity. They were all of the one species, flying close 
together in the same direction from south to north, and were so little 
afraid when one approached that they turned not to the right or left. 
An interesting account of another migrating swarm of this species that 
took place in the early part of the summer of 1842, when the observer 
was stationed at Vido, a small island in the harbour of Corfu, records 
that the first part of the column reached the island ‘about 9 o’clock 
in the morning, and continued to advance in rolling masses of many 
thousands for upwards of three hours. Though the density of the 
column was at no time very great, yet it appeared to extend in breadth 
as far as one could see, having the appearance of black drifting snow, 
if one may so call it; by one o’clock the flight had completely passed. 
The wind at the time was blowing fresh from the south-east. In the 
afternoon, on sailing up the channel of Corfu, the traces of the passage 
of the flight was very evident, from the quantities of dead butterflies 
