200 THE ENTOMOLOGIST 8 RECORD. 
volume of The Natural History of the British Lepidoptera, p. 446, the 
view that the modification of the sexual organs themselves is 
the cause of all the peculiarities of the secondary sexual structures— 
antenne, wing-colour, wing-shape, &c. Popularly, specimens that 
present a combination of the external secondary sexual characters, are 
termed gynandromorphous, but the actual experiments in which it has 
been proved that the modification of the secondary sexual characters 
have been really accompanied by the modification of the primary 
sexual organs are very few indeed, and gynandromorphism is, as arule, 
applied to all individuals that exhibit a combination of the secondary 
characters recognised as belonging to different sexes, without the 
slightest real knowledge that the primary sexual organs have under- 
gone any modification, much less whether such modification is really 
the motive force that has developed the secondary sexual peculiarities 
exhibited. 
A superficial examination of many specimens, however, leads one 
to suppose that such is the case, and that the modification of the 
sexual organs in the slightest degree brings about, as we have just 
stated, a corresponding difference in the secondary structures, and that 
the mixed characters shown even by the same wing in some very 
aberrant examples, are due to the development of certain male genera- 
tive structures among those of the female (or vice versa), and it may be 
that the development of testicles on one side of an insect and ovaries 
on the other, resultsin those perfectly symmetrical specimens which show 
antenne, wings, legs, &c., with male characters on the one side and 
female characters on the other. At any rate it is quite certain that 
the external parts of the sexual organs follow a modification parallel 
to those of the secondary sexual organs in many such specimens. 
It would be exceedingly interesting if all those lepidopterists who 
possess specimens that show modification in the direction here 
indicated—either as to antenne, legs, or wings, where these differ in 
a species as secondary sexual characters—would record such, One is 
convinced that there are many specimens in our cabinets showing 
externally greater or less signs of gynandromorphism, which have not 
been detected owing to the partial and piecemeal and sometimes 
apparently insignificant nature of the structures involved. 
One important feature of Dr. Wood’s paper, however, is his 
attempt to show by what means or through what channel the close 
relationship between the primary and secondary organs is effected. 
He states that until recently no other explanation was possible except 
the one that it was due to the agency of the nervous system, some 
stimulus or impression being conveyed from the reproductive glands 
to that part of the nervous system presiding over the development cf 
any particular secondary character, in consequence of which the latter 
takes on its proper growth and form. He considers, however, that 
the comparatively modern discovery that the glands of the body, 
besides the functions of producing their ordinary secretions which fd 
their way into the ducts, have also the power to preduce what may be 
termed “ internal ” secretions, which pass back into the blocd, where 
they probably act as highly specialised focds necessary to the well- being of 
the organism, helps us, and it is in this direction that he would cxplain 
the phenomena presented by the relationship known to exist between 
the primary and sexual organs, and instead of the “nerve-bond ” 
