284 THE ENTOMOLOGIST § RECORD. 
should be in swarms, such as Noctua dahlii, and, indeed, it is rather 
more surprising that amongst so few insects I was able to get fine 
series of N. depuncta and Huperia paleacea, both of course new 
acquaintances to me. A very few Aplecta occulta turned up, but I 
failed to obtain ova. As for Triphaena orbona (subsequa), a species 
which is always associated with the name of Forres, I did not take one, 
and had it not been for a visit to the sandhills at Findhorn, where one 
was disturbed by day, I should have returned home without a single 
example of that species. This visit to Findhorn also added a few other 
new species to my Scotch list, namely, Agrotis simulans (which we had 
vainly sought in Aberdeenshire), A. cursoria, some nice forms, and 
Dasydia obfuscata, one female. The form of Melanippe galiata in this 
locality, with its ochreous-tinted ground colour, pleased me greatly, 
and I was careful to obtain a batch of eges. Iam inclined to think that 
this pretty moth is second only (among the Geometers) to a few of the 
Boarmiids (¢.g., Gnophos obscurata and perhaps Boarmia repandata, &¢.), 
and to Cidaria immanata, in its tendency to geographical variation, and 
that most of our collections hitherto have done it less than justice. 
My stay at Forres was limited to 13 days, and on Friday, August 
24th, I was obliged to take my leave of Scotch collecting, but as I 
reckoned that I had made acquaintance with more than 20 species 
which I had never before seen in their natural habitat, besides many 
interesting local varieties and aberrations, I felt that I had good reason 
to be satisfied with my holiday, and I promised myself that it should 
not be many years ere I again selected ‘‘ bonnie Scotland”’ for an 
entomological campaign. 
The pupa of Libythea celtis. 
By T. A. CHAPMAN, M.D., F.Z.S., F.E.S. 
Ihave wished to obtain this pupa for a long time, but always without 
success. Why it should have been so difficult to obtain I do not know, 
ag it is now supplied to me atacost of 3d. each. The pupa is an 
interesting one as not being precisely similar to any other pupa I have 
seen. It is described as green, these I have are slaty-grey as a general 
effect, but variously coloured and marked. The effect is as of a pale 
dull flesh-colour with darker markings, the whole overlaid with a 
‘“‘bloom.’’ This appears not, however, to be so, as the ‘‘ bloom ”’ does 
not rub off. Some figures show it as a long straight pupa, something 
like a green Pieris napt pupa, hung up by the tail. 
The actual pupaisshort and stumpy, reminding one of that of Pararge 
egeria as to proportions. Edwards’ figure and description of the pupa 
of Libythea bachmanni would not be far out for that of L. celtis. The 
figure of that species given by Scudder brings out well the perhaps 
most characteristic point in the pupal structure, viz., the projection of 
the 2nd abdominal segment dorsally with the ridges running from it. 
The pupa is clearly and simply a Nymphalid, with no Lycenid (or 
Hrycinid) tendency whatever, and no more Pierid character than any 
other Nymphalid has. 
In my paper on pupe of butterflies, read at the City of London 
Entomological Society in 1894, and published in the Ent. Record, I 
was misled by published descriptions and figures into considering that 
L. celtis had certain Pierid characters, and especially that it had a single 
