286 THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD. 
eye aS a white mark, does not affect the antenna in crossing it, but 
appears on the mesothorax as a definite ridge, where it is probably 
identifiable with Scudder’s ‘‘ basal wing tubercles,’ runs down the 
inner margin of the wing behind Poulton’s line, raises a sharp ridge 
across the hindwing at level of thoraci-abdominal incision, just raises 
corner of abdominal segment 1, and passes as a very marked ridge to 
the 2nd abdominal spine. The space on abdominal segment 2 in front 
of them is a sloping surface facing forwards, ereenish in colour and 
with the dorsal ridge just indicated. The interseemental subsegment 
is ill-marked, but quite distinct on abdominal seements 2 and 3. There 
is little movement of the abdominal segments, 5 and 6 being free, the 
checking of antero-posterior movement is decided but not absolute if 
the pupa be moved artificially. Actually the pupa itself only uses 
lateral movement, which it does extremely actively. Apart from the 
dark line of the dorsal ridge in front of the abdominal spine and the 
white line it forms behind it and the white line of the Libytheine 
ridge, there are many dark marks and shadines which vary a good 
deal in different pupe. The 3rd and following abdominal segments 
have on either side two black spots near the middle line, almost like 
trapezoidals ; between these and the spiracle is a little group of three 
spots. 
The dark wing-shadings are especially marked along the costa, 
basally along the anal margin, and interruptedly along the middle of 
the wing and at the apex ; some specimens suggest that these marks 
may invade nearly the whole wing. ‘The wing-surface is rough, with 
a broad steep slope outside Poulton’s line at the hind margin, vein le 
(Ist anal) is very prominent and often marked by a white line whilst 
la and 1b may be made out. Perchance what I have called 1c (1st 
anal) may be 1b (2nd anal), as it is very unusual for 1c to be visible 
at all on a butterfly pupa. ‘The wing apices are separated by the tips 
of the antenna and of the maxille. The 2nd leg reaches down three- 
quarters of the distance to this point, and the first fully half, both 
reach up to the eyes, so that the first is separated from the antenne. 
Above the broad bases of the maxille the cheeks nearly meet in the 
middle line by a triangular process of which the apex is not marked off 
as mandibles, some small tubercles between these are probably 
labrum. 
The figures of this pupa in the works of European authors are very 
defective. That of Hsper is very poor but correct so far as it goes. 
Hubner gives it a definite single nose-spine, and omits the girdling 
ridge. Boisduval’s figure is good, except that he gives a very definite 
nose-spine. Ochsenheimer does not figure it but says it has no nose- 
spine. Praem’s figure is poor. Hofmann’s resembles it in no respect, 
being a straight Pieris pupa with long nose-spine. Many authorities 
agree in making it green, whilst mine are distinctly grey. The proba- 
bility seems strongly to be that it is a dimorphic pupa of the type so 
well investigated by Mr. Merrifield.—June, 1900. 
British Lepidoptera—Mr. Bateson’s review. 
By W. J. KAYH, F.E.S. 
Mr. Bateson in the September number of the Entomoloyist’s Record, 
has reviewed Mr. Tutt’s second volume of British Lepidoptera. In so 
