AROIDE, 1103 
lobed or pinnate or perforate, often with cataphyllaries at base of 
leaf-sheaths. Flowers 1-sexual or hermaphrodite, sessile on a 
spadix, which is more or less completely enclosed in a green or 
coloured spathe, when 1-sexual rarely dicecious, more often 
monecious, with males towards apex and females at base of 
spadix, often with neuters between, and sometimes with neuters 
above the males. Perianth absent or of a few scales, rarely 
cupular or urceolate. Stamens in hermaphrodite flowers 4-8, in 
males 1 or more, distinct or confluent; anthers 2—4-celled, free, or 
(in confluent stamens) connate by means of the thickened connec- 
tive ; cells discrete or contiguous, free or buried in the connective 
and opening by a terminal pore, or dorsally attached and opening 
by a terminal pore, rarely by a longitudinal chink ; pollen paar 
or ellipsoid, powdery or conglomerate. Carpels connate in 
sessile, 1-3-celled ovary ; ovules in each cell one or more, bas 
apical, axial, or parietal; style short or long; stigma discoid or 
lobed. Fruit of many sm mall, free or connate berries or drupes, 
eee usually copious, fleshy, rarely hard, sometimes scanty or 
0; embryo axial, or if albumen absent thick, with the plumule in 
& lateral slit. 
*Flowers 1-sexual monecious, rarely (Arisema often) diccious :— 
- 1104] 
Water or marsh plants ; leaves entire; barren appendage none ; ovules 
orthotropous :— 
Floating, stemless, aquatic herbs; leaves sessile, ann ogee 
in a rosette-like tuft; base stoloniferous Pisti 
Submerged aquatic or palustrine herbs ; leaves tufted — a wasted: 
Creeping rootstoc YE 'y 
Terrestrial herbs :-— 
tLeaves and scapes rising directly from a tuber-like, hypogeal corm, 
the leaves usu ually more or less lobed, sect or partite ; if rn entire 
(2. pipes sometimes) not peltate; connective narrower than 
anther-cells :—[p. 1104 
{Spadix with a barren terminal appendage :—{p. 1104] 
Male flowers stipitate ; flowers often diccious; leaves 3-partite 
or pedatisect or segments whorled ; ovules orthotropous 
Male flowers sessile or nearly so; flowers always monecious :— 
