to the Genera.) XIX.—SYNGENESIA. 129 
Scales of pappus oblong, chaffy ; mae pag small 
3. Galinsoga. 
Scales of pappus feathery, fringed ; seek medium 
484. Tridax. 
sAnthers not appendaged at the apex; receptacles (in our 
species) not paleaceous ; pappus absent or reduced to a — 
rim, aad scaly or short; leaves usually alternate :—[p. 1 
Flower-heads radiate ; elie s of the involucre rather —. 
pappus of short scales sometimes ems 
ee 85. Chrysanthemum. 
_2* Flower-heads discoid, heterogamous ; mes absent :— 
Florets of the circumference very numerous; achenes flat 
or concave at the top; PBs ei spherical or hemi- 
spheric 
Tinits ode bracts of the involucre 1-2-seriate 
486. Cotula. 
Heads subsessil 
Bracts of the Baa ie 2-seriate, spreading in frui 
; 487, ented 
Bracts of the involucre 3-4-seriate, incurved in frui 
3. # sad 
Florets of the circumference few; achenes obovate or 
rounded at top; flower-heads very small, in racemes or 
panicles 489. Artemisia. 
+Style-arms very short, hairy or thickened towards the base, 0 r the 
style subentire in all the florets, which are similar and a to 
the deeply 5-fid mouth ; anther-cells always appendaged at the apex, 
either subentire or cleft at the base; receptacle usually paleaceous ; 
leaves alternate, generally spinescent :—[D- 23 
Flower-heads 1-flowered, crowded into dense spherical balls ; 
achenes inserted in the straight areoles of the receptacle, silky ; 
leaves and bracts of the involucre ies an thistle-like 
490. Echinops. 
Flower-heads many-flowered, separate ; achenes glabrous :-— 
4/Achenes inserted in the straight areoles of the receptacle :— 
{p 
coe bucelk Coweens ReRReN PES Te eO COPS tre Tr 
0 
} re and brat a ee involucre epineaoets cage 
pa ppus ; in [p. 30) 
Filaments free, papillose-hairy ; pappus- -hairs feaihaty 
491. Cnicus. 
Filaments connate, glabrous ; pappus-hairs simple 
492. Silybum. 
